In: Anatomy and Physiology
B)
Optic chiasma is a structure which is formed when right and left optic nerves cross each other. It is an X- shaped structure, located inferior to the hypothalamus.
Optic chiasma has optic nerve on the anterior side whereas optic tract, pituitary stalk and mammary bodies on the posterior side.
Inferiorly it is related to the suprasellar cistern and superiorly to the third ventricle and anterior commissure.
Laterally to anterior perforated substance
D) Hypothalamus is a anatomical structure located at the base of the brain, it is an endocrine organ which works in close association with pituitary gland.
It is related anteriorly to the anterior commissure, and lamina terminalis, Whereas posteriorly to mammillary bodies, posterior perforated substance, cerebral peduncle and cerebral aqueduct of Sylvius. Inferiorly it is related to supraoptic recess and crest, the pituitary gland, and the tuber cinereum. Superiorly it is related to hypothalamic sulcus, thalamus,fornix and third ventricle.