How would the volume measurements (tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume, vital...

How would the volume measurements (tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume, vital capacity) change when one's at rest compared to when one's exercising?

Expert Solution

SPIROMETRY

It is the method to measure lung volumes and capacities.
Simple instrument used for this purpose is called spirometer.
Modified spirometer is known as respirometer
SPIROGRAM is the graphical record of the lung volumes and capacities using spirometer.

LUNG VOLUME

TIDAL VOLUME (TV)
Tidal volume is the volume of air breathed in and out of lungs in a single normal quiet respiration.
Tidal volume signifies the normal depth of breating
Normal value :500ml (0..5 ltr)

INSPIRATORT RESERVE VOLUME (IRV)
IRV is an additional volume of air that can be inspired forcefully after the end of normal inspiration.
Normal value :3300ml (3.3 ltr)

EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME(ERV)
ERV is the additional volume of air that can be expired out forcefully,after normal expiration
Normal value: 1000ml (1 ltr)

RESIDUAL VOLUME (RV)
RV is the volume of air remaining in the lungs even after forced expiration.
Normal value in men 1.6L in men.
In women the values are slightly lower

LUNG CAPACITIES

INSPIRATORY CAPACITY(IC)
Mximum volume of air that is inspired after the normal expiration(end expiratory position)
IC = TV+IRV
500+3300=3800mL

Vital capacity(VC)
it is the maximum volume of air that can be expelled out forcefully after a deep (maximal) inspiration.
it includes, VC = IRV +TV+ERV
3300+500+1000 =4800mL

FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY (FRV)
VOLUME of air remaining in the lungs after normal expiration
FRC=ERV+RV
1000+1200=2200mL
Total lung capacity (TLC)
TLC is the volume of air present in the lungs after a deep (maximal) inspiration.
It includes ,TLC=IRV+TV+ERV+RV
3300+500+1000+1200 =6000mL
vital capacity and total lung capacity occurs in excercise

Ventilation during exercise

during excercise,breathing becomes deeper and more rapid
Produce >total minute volume
Neurogenic mechanism
sensory nerve activity from excercising muscles stimulates the respiratory muscles
cerebral cortex input may stimulate brain stem centers

Acute Respiratory responses

Ventilation(air breathed in &out per minute) increases
ventilation (litres/min) =Tidal volume(litres) * Respiratory rate (breaths/min)
increased Tidal volume
increased respiratory rate
These occurs in excercise

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

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