Question

How common is nucleophilic substitution reaction? How can it be used in industries? Please be specific.

Answer 1

Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions-It is a type of chemical reactions of haloalkanes in whuch the nucleophile will attack a site having the electron deficiency and then it will substitute the halogen or X there.But in case of the alkyl halides, the electron-ve halogen member will cause electrons withdrawal from σ bond and then they attract the electrons toward it thereby polarizing the bond. And at the end the result of which a partial +ve charge will develop on carbon atom making the carbon an electron deficient site.Now if the nucleophile will attack electron deficient carbon atom. Then they will cause the departure of halogen member from the compound as a halide ion. The order of leaving of halogen group will be I− > Br− > Cl− > F−. The type of product formed will depend upon the nucleophile attacking.

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Uses-We have developed the environmentally benign synthetic approach to the nucleophilic substitution reactions of alcohols which minimizes/eliminates the formation of the byproducts and resulting in highly atom-efficient of chemical process. Proton- and the metal-exchanged montmorillonites (H- and Mⁿ⁺-mont) are prepared easily by treating with the Na⁺-mont with aqueous solution of the hydrogen chloride/metalsalt, respectively. The H-mont is possessed outstanding catalytic activity for the nucleophilic substitution reactions of the variety of the alcohols with anilines, because the unique acidity of H-mont catalyst effectively prevents the neutralization by basic anilines. In addition to amides, indoles, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, and the allylsilane act as the nucleophiles for H-mont-catalyzed substitutions of alcohols, which allowed the efficient formation of the various C−N and C−C bonds. The solid of H-mont was reusable without the any appreciable loss in its catalytic activity and the selectivity.