Question

Please discuss cellular growth and development?

Answer 1

cell growth

limits to cell grwoth

• divide rather than grow
• Ration of surface area to volume

​​​​​​limits of the cell

• stess on DNA
• Difficulty moving nutrients/wastes across membrane.

-ration of surface. Area to volume

-volume increases at a faster than surface area.

cell division

• ​​​​​​​before a cell becomes too large,it divides, producing 2 daughter cells

​​​​​​​. - each daughter cell is an exact replica of the parent cell.

• before the cell divides, the DNA is replicated ,so each new cell will have the same genetic information as the oarent cell.

​​​​​​​cell development:-

also called cell Genesis,cell formation,and cytogensis, the cell multiplication,of cells by a process of reproduction under the following stages......

​​​​​​​2 stages (eukaryotes)

Mitosis - divison of the cell nucleus.

cytokinesis- Division of the cytoplasm.

The cell cycle

events of the cell cycle

• interphase
• Mitosis

1. prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase

• Cyclokinesis

​​​​​​  interphase

-during interphase, cellular orgenelles double in the number the DNA replicates, and protein synthesis occurs.

-the resting phase between successive mitotic division of a cell. Or between the first and second divisons of meiosis.

-3 phases

-G1 phase=

cells do most of their growing

increase in size and synthesize new protiens and organelles

​​​​​​s phase=

• chromosomes are replicated anr the symthesis and DNA molecules takes place
• Usually if a cell enters S phase and begins replication, it completes the rest of yhe cycle.

G2 phase=

• ​​​​​​many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced.
• shortest of the 3 phases of interphase

​​​​​​​2 mitotic phase:-

divided into 4 phases is prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

• followed with cytokinesis
• Depending on cell may last few minutes to several days

prophase

• longest last process
• Chromosomes become visible
• Centrioles seprate
• Chromosomes attach to spind
• Nucleous disappears and nuclear envelope break down.

​​​​​​​metaphase:-

• chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
• Microtubules connect the centromere of each chromosome to the two poles of the spindle.
• 

Anapahse:-

• centromeres split
• Chromatids separates and become individual chromosomes.
• Move away from each other.
• 

​​​​​​​telophase:-

• telophase is final phase of mitoais
• chromosome disappear into tangle of dense genetic material.
• nuclear envelop re-forms
• Spidle breaks apart.
• 

​​​​​​​cytokikesis:-

cytokinesis is the part of the cell division process during which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell divides into two daughter cell.

this phase is brings during or after the last stages of nuclear division ij mitosis and meiosis.

• two nuclei in single cell
• Occurs at the same time as telophase.
• ​​​​​​​

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