Question

The following table presents data on wine consumption (in liters per person per year) and death rate from heart attacks (in deaths per 100,000 people per year) in 19 developed Western countries.

Country	Alcohol from Wine	Heart disease Deaths
Australia	2.5	211
Austria	3.9	167
Belgium	2.9	131
Canada	2.4	191
Denmark	2.9	220
Finland	0.8	297
France	9.1	71
Iceland	0.8	211
Ireland	0.7	300
Italy	7.9	107
Netherlands	1.8	167
New Zealand	1.9	266
Norway	0.8	227
Spain	6.5	86
Sweden	1.6	207
Switzerland	5.8	115
United Kingdom	1.3	285
United States	1.2	199
West Germany	2.7	172

1. What is the explanatory variable and what is the response variable?

2. Create a scatterplot below (go ahead and enter the data into your calculator first, but draw a beautiful scatterplot).

3. Does it appear that there is a linear relationship between alcohol consumption and heart attacks? Is there a positive association or negative association?

4. Compute the linear regression equation and the correlation coefficient.

5. Interpret the slope and y-intercept in the context of alcohol consumption and heart disease.

6. Superimpose the regression equation on the scatterplot.

7. Predict the rate of heart attacks for a country where the average wine consumption is 3 liters/person/year

8. Would it be appropriate to try to predict the death rate from heart attacks for Estonia where the per capita wine consumption is 15 liters/year? Why or why not?

Answer 1

Note:- I have used Minitab14 for scatter Plot and Fitted line plot.

"Wine consumption" is explainatory variable where as "Death rate" is response variable. Because here wine consumption is independent.

The scatter plot is given below. Minitab14 is used to draw scatter plot.

You can enter your data in Minitab14 and jump to the graph menu . The very first option in scatter plot. From there you can draw scatter plot.

From the above scatter plot we find that there is linear relationship between alcohol consumption and heart attack.

From the scatter plot we find that there is strong negative association between death rate due to heart attack and wine consumption.

The regression equation is given below.

Death_rate = 261 - 23.0 * alcohol

And correlation coefficient is -0.843.

Note that this is Pearson correlation.

Given below is the fitted line plot.

We can predict the heart attack.

Here attack will be the near about same for the country where the alcohol consumption is 3 litres/person/year.

Since the mean of the above wine consumption is 3.026 which is nearly equal to 3.

It is not appropriate to predict the death rate of Estonia where wine consumption is 15 litres/person/year. Because 15 litre is outlier for this fitted model. Mean of the wine consumption is approximately 3 litres/person/year. That is why this is not suitable to predict for Estonia.