Question

M

It is no surprise that there is so much data being collected. I was surprised at how many organizations there are the are responsible for data collection. Data that where the participant involvement isn’t voluntary or require effort seems easier to collect and more accurate, such as infant mortality or other statistics around death. Information about cause of death and the characteristics influencing it is often collected by medical professionals within the hospital. Other organization seem to face more of a challenge in collecting information since population participation is a challenge. I am impressed that EPA’s Air Quality System has data regarding air pollutants updated hourly or daily. Having such up to date and bias free data allows researchers to accurate assumptions. I had not thought to consider the calendar period data covered, since it may be different per topic and per country. Now I realize its importance. How do you suppose policymakers are able to create polices that are effective to specific issues when there is missing and inaccurate data?

Answer 1

Introduction:

As we all know, a  data is a collection of facts and informations that can be in written format, numerical, observations to analyze or optimize to deliver a output(information or a fact). The data collecting factor significantly changed the World to be more efficient and statistical. When a accurate data is being collected it's so much handy and useful to help and maintain a ethics of a research and targets to accomplish the goals of large number of focus groups in an oraganization or a business. A good data will eliminate the possibilities of errors, systematic misconception, inaccuracy and have a control over them.

How policymaker implement policies:

A Policymaker is a person who is responsible for taking decisions, implementing new rules and laws in a particular state of the government, legislature, or any other organization. He decides on framing new policies to establish in a political party. The government decides on an ultimate approach, whether to sustain the policy status given by a policymaker. In a policy implementation process, the planning of the policy is known during a narrow sense, because the object being implemented. It consists within the theoretical answer that policy makers design to answer an issue of  difficulty on the policy agenda. The main focus of a policy solution, and also the means it's developed influences the “enactment” of a policy. Many factors coupled to the policy itself ought to be thought of in terms of how they influence and verify implementation.

Let's see how the policymakers are able to create policies that are effective to specific issues, without a complete data.

Not all the policymakers does'nt use a complete data. Some policy makers say they're able to acquire the information they have and are fairly glad with the present situation. several others are terribly disgruntled with the current data environment. Their discontent is caused by an extended list of issues. Most of those problems result from two mian conditions  throughout state and native government: lack of enough resources allotted to data-related activities and restricted implementation of data technology.  These problems were known by people from outside and within state government and once policy makers say that they can not get the data they need, they typically mean that they cannot get data in a very kind that's useable for their purposes.  In several instances, policymakers wish to receive an interpretation or analysis of the information instead of to look at the data themselves. Policy makers trying to find timely non-partisan interpretation of a specific form of data are lucky if their search is successful. Some policymakers are able to get the info they have and are fairly happy with the present situation. Most of those individuals wouldn't be characterised as “heavy data users.” These individuals sometimes access the data through STATS or directly through a personal state agency’s or a non-governmental organization’s website. For additional elaborated information, these users usually are able to obtain the information they need through a selected request to the suitable state agency or different organization.

A policy might reply to a necessity, or to the perception of a need which should be made public, clearly to facilitate the formulation, legitimacy and implementation of a solution. At any level of an political issue the quantity of problems the policymaker must tackle forces them to prioritize, within which the policy wants that appears to be the foremost urgent or the higher necessary.  

A policy doesn't continually initiate within the recognition of a need. It may be brought forward as a result of approaching elections or as a result of the federation in power which pushes through the agenda. Clarifying the reasoning behind a policy, the characteristics of the difficulty it's alleged to address, and therefore the manner policy makers analyse these problems facilitate be of implementation and may contribute to convey stakeholders on board to support the policy reform.

The process involved in creating effective policies

Formulation of policy consists of policymakers discussing and suggesting approaches to correcting issues that are raised as a part of the agenda(a short plan to be done within a given period of time its like a to do list in a meeting activities).Generally it is necessary to decide on from among multiple potential methods ahead. They use agenda buliding to effectively solve a issue and create a good policy. Issues has become agenda items for policymaking bodies, like legislatures and administrative agencies, in order to proceed into the next stages of the policy process.  

As said, Issues has become agenda items for some policymaking body in order to enter the policy cycle. These policymaking bodies may be a legislature, (e.g., a city council ) or an administrative agency, (e.g., a health department ).

It is important to note, however, that not all issues that move onto policy agendas complete the policy process to become laws. Indeed, agendas are subject to timing and can easily be displaced by other issues when crises occur. For example, consider this event where Obama’s planned policy to loosen restrictions on coastal drilling was dropped after the BP oil spill occurred in the Gulf of Mexico. Those issues that stand up to any crucial crisis, though, formulation helps policymakers with several choices for resolving agenda items. Effective policy formulation is incorporates analysis that identifies the most effective policies and political authorizations. This formulation of policy consists of policymakers discussing and suggesting approaches to correcting problems that have been raised as part of the agenda. Sometimes it is necessary to choose from among multiple potential paths forward. The issue of traffic safety has been solved by various policies throughout time. Here are a few examples of solutions: es. In Europe, Australia, and Japan, annual numbers of deaths and death rates per kilometer of vehicle travel have declined dramatically. Nearly every high-income country is today reducing annual traffic fatalities and fatality rates faster than is the United States, and several countries where fatality rates per kilometer of travel were higher than in the United States 20 years ago are now below the U.S. rate. Officials responsible for traffic safety in the countries with relatively good safety performance attribute this progress primarily to government traffic safety programs, including improvements in traffic control and road design, vehicle safety regulations, and willingness to enact and enforce stringent driver regulations regarding speed, alcohol and drug use, seat belt use, and restrictions according to driver age.

The policymakers use a valid way of solving the issue in the most efficient and feasible way possible. Effective formulation involves analysis and identification of alternatives to solving issues and they are politically feasible. Policy formulation is, therefore, comprised of analysis that identifies the most effective policies and political authorization.

The next process involves the adoption strategy used by policy makers to implement the government bodies for the future accomplishment. Formulated policies ought to be adopted by relevant establishments of presidency so as to be place into effect. Adoption is littered with identical factors that influence what problems come in the sooner section of agenda building. For instance, policies that address the modified circumstances crises often bring can often be straightaway adopted. Meanwhile, powerful interest teams can use their political influence to work out what policies are adopted. An unfavorable media may undermine a policy proposal. For example, unfavorable media coverage undermined the George W. Bush administration’s proposals to change Social Security. Negative response also killed the Clinton administration’s health care proposal.

Therefore these processes help create policymakers a better and effective policies to specific issues, without a complete set of information or data.