Question

Name and describe the main violent complex societies, or theirs most violent features. atleast 500 words

Answer 1

• The growth of agriculture resulted in intensification, which had important consequences for social organization.Larger groups gave rise to new challenges and required more sophisticated systems of social administration.
• Complex societies took the forms of larger agricultural villages, cities, city-states, and states, which shared many features.
• Yanomamo-around around 10,000 people 125 scattered villages ranging from 40 to 250 people each.They are polygynous, patrilineal, with an ideal of village endogamy.
• Brothers compete for wives;marriages are arranged by men sometimes outside of village if it is larger, way of forming alliances.
• Men are constantly required to demonstrate their fierceness both in the domestic sphere and in inter village rivalries mostly related to gender and sex relations.
• Women have no say in their marriages; they are used as resources expected to cook, collect firewood, and water for them. they have any right to be hit by their husbands. adultery is the worse.
• Much of the violence of men can be traced to gender inequalities and child enculturation practices- female infanticide is common.
• Socialization of boys and girls is very different. boys encouraged to be aggressive, slap adults tease girls. Girls are taught their domestic responsibilities early in life, have children early.
• Children are often targets of adult sorcery also they have structural violence- chest pounding, side slapping duel, club violent.They have village raids for revenge or to capture women.
• The Gisu-500,000 horticulturalists ;all interpersonal violence, not glorified.
• They call violence Lirima that "catches" or boils over in a man, is associated with physical changes like lump in the throat or rush of adrenaline
• However having lirima implies control, strength of character, courage and determination. only men can possess this.
• Between 18-25 men are circumcised this is when they can acquire lirima, they are required to show no fear or pain.