Question

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1. What is the function of the reticular formation? Where is it located?

2. What are the basic differences between the left and the right hemispheres of the cerebrum?

3. What is the corpus callosum? Where would it be located on your model if you created it? Why is the corpus callosum important?

4. What would happen to an individual who suffered damage to the occipital lobe of the brain?

5. What would happen to an individual who suffered damage to the occipital lobe of the brain?

Answer 1

1. Reticular formation:

The reticular formation is the diffuse ill-defined mass of nerve cell clusters and interlacing nerve fibres occupying the entire core of brainstem.

Phylogenetically, it represents the old reticular core of the brain and contains within it the "vital structures".

It extends cranially to the diencephalon and caudally to the spinal cord.

Functions:

It receives data from most of the sensory systems of the body and relay them to all the levels of neuraxis.

It is important for maintenance of sleep-wake cycle.

The visual and acoustic stimuli can stimulate the reticular activating system and thus maintains the level of consciousness and alertness.

2. Difference between left and right hemispheres of cerebrum:

The two halves of the brain are not exactly alike. Each hemisphere have some functional specializations. The neural mechanisms of brain function are localized primarily in one half of the brain. This lateralization and specialization is more marked in humans.

Right brain is associated with the intuitive thought, verbal communication, holistic perception, emotions, face recognition, non-linguistic sounds, creativity, random sequencing, left-field vision, left side motor skills.

The left side of the brain is associated with analytical thought, language, higher mathematics, ordered sequencing, verbal communication, planning, right field vision, right side motor skills. The areas of speech production(Broca's area) and language comprehension (Wernicke’s area), are located in the left hemisphere of the brain.

3. Corpus callosum:

Corpus callosum is the largest commissure of the brain.

It forms of massive arched interhemispheric bridge in the floor of the medial longitudinal fissure connecting the medial surface of the two cerebral hemispheres.

In the sagittal section of the cerebrum, it is seen as a C-shaped mass of white fibres on its medial surface.

4,5.

Occipital lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for the reception and integration of visual output.

Damage to the occipital lobe:

It causes:

visual field defects(hemianopia),

color vision defects, cortical blindness,

visual hallucination, visual illusion,

visual agnosias,

visual anosognosia.