In: Psychology
Gestalt is a whole and unified topic.It cannot be understand only summing by its components or parts like social,perceptual, and cognitive.
The key scientist and psychologists that discovered the Gestalt
principle of perception were Earns Mach, Johann Wolfgang Goeth,
C.von Ehrenfels and researchers mainly Max Wertheimer, Kohler, Kurt
kofka, Kurt Lewin etc.
This theory was first introduced and studied in Germany around
1920s.
Further scientific development of Gestalt theory was affected
because National socialism came into power.
Gestalt theory fundamentally changed the views on human learning
and perception due to its different concepts from conventional
psychology.
According to Gestalt theory organism argued that perceptions
(complex) could be analyzed and understood by breaking into
fragments of experiences, similarly images into small pixels or
dots and melody into sound sequences.