Question

What's the mechanism of endothelial injury

Answer 1

Ans:- Endothelial injury

It has been known for many years that endothelial injury is the initial triggering event in the development of lesions of atherosclerosis. Actual endothelial denudation is not an essential requirement, but endothelial dysfunction may initiate the sequence of events. Numerous causes ascribed to endothelial injury in experimental animals are: mechanical trauma, haemo­dynamic forces, immunological and chemical mecha­nisms, metabolic agent as chronic dyslipidaemia, homocysteine, circulating toxins from systemic infections, viruses, hypoxia, radiation, carbon monoxide and tobacco products.  

In humans, two of the major risk factors which act together
to produce endothelial injury are: haemodynamic stress from hyper­tension and chronic dyslipidaemia. The role of haemodynamic forces in causing endo­thelial injury is further supported by the distri­bution of atheromatous plaques at points of bifurcation or branching of blood vessels which are under greatest shear stress.