Question

1. As blood traveling from the heart passes through numerous increasingly smaller vessels, the blood pressure:
   1. Decreases
   2. does not change
   3. remains constant
   4. Increases
2. ood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium is called
   1. systemic circulation
   2. coronary circulation
   3. pulmonary circulation
   4. fetal circulation
3. Blood pressure is highest in the
   1. Arterioles
   2. Veins
   3. Venues
   4. Arteries
4. Epinephrine would
   1. decrease heart rate
   2. increase cardiac output
   3. decrease cardiac output
   4. cause no change.
5. The pulse wave is created by:
   1. The electrical signals of the heart
   2. The contraction of the arteries
   3. The contraction of the left ventricle
   4. The contraction of the bronchioles
6. If the arteries are vasodilated, then the pulse amplitude will be:
   1. Faster
   2. Slower
   3. Higher
   4. Lower
7. A decrease in blood pressure will cause:
   1. An increase in the parasympathetic system
   2. Vasoconstriction
   3. Vasodilation
   4. Decreased heart rate

Answer 1

Question: As blood travelling from the heart passes through numerous increasingly smaller vessels, the blood pressure:

Answer: decreases

Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by the flowing blood on the walls of the blood vessels. Normally, it is around 120/80 mm of Hg in large systemic arteries. The blood pressure decreases as the blood flows from large systemic arteries to smaller arteries and then to arterioles and capillaries. It keep on decreasing further from the capillaries to venules and veins and is lowest in the vena cavae.

Thus, the blood pressure is highest in the arteries like aorta and lowest in the veins like superior and inferior vena cava.

Question: Blood flow from the right ventricule to the lungs and back to the left atrium is called:

Answer: pulmonary circulation.

Explanation: The deoxygenated blood is brought by the vena cavae from the entire body to the right atrium of the heart. From right atrium it passes into the right ventricle. During ventricular contraction, this deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle goes to the lungs for oxygenation through pulmonary trunk.

Once the blood is oxygenated in the lungs, it is brought to the left atrium through two pairs of pulmonary veins. From left atrium, this oxygenated blood is pumped into the left ventricle from where the blood is pumped into the systemic circulation through aorta.

Question: Blood pressure is highest in the:

Answer: arteries

Explanation: Blood pressure in a vessel depends on the musculature of the vessels, the velocity of the flowing blood, cross sectional area of the vessels, elasticity of the vessels. Arteries have thick muscular layer and ample elastic tissues, the velocity of blood flowing through them is higher, arteries have highest blood pressure in the body.

Capillaries are made up of single layer of endothelial cells and the veins have thinner muscular and elastic walls as compared to the arteries thus they have lower blood pressure than the arteries.

Question: Epinephrine would:

Answer: increase cardiac output

Explanation: Epinephrine which is also known as adrenaline is a hormone produced by medulla of adrenal glands. It is also used as a medication for several cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.

Epinephrine is a non selective agonist of all the adrenergic receptors like alpha 1 and alpha 2 as well as beta 1, beta 2 and beta 3. It increases the cardiac output by acting it's agonist action on beta 1 adrenergic receptors of the heart which makes it useful in cases of cardiac arrest.