Question

describe the 3 structures of a neuron and the function of each part

Answer 1

A neuron or a nerve cell is the one that carriers the electrical impulses to and from the other neurons for the purpose of communication.

STRUCTURE	FUNCTION
SOMA OR CELL BODY	Soma has the nucleus which needs to produce a lot of proteins for various normal functioning of the nerve cell. Soma also acts as the point of appendages extension from it, these may be short branching process called dendrites and long protrusions called the axon. soma main function is always to keep the neuron functioning.
DENDRITES	The first two neuronal functions that is the receiving and processing incoming information generally takes place here in the dendrites along with the soma. Dendrites receive impulses from the other neurons and pass it to the cell body.
AXON	It conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body. Its function is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles and glands.

Even though these 3 are the main structures of a neuron, there is a fourth structure called the axon terminals. These axon terminals are the axon endings of the neuron which are somewhat enlarged or button shaped structures. These play a major role in communicating with the other cells dendrites to pass the electrical impulses. These transmit the electrical signals through the nerve synapse (gap between nerve cells) by the release of electrochemical substances like acetylcholine or GABA etc so to pass the signals to the next neuron.