Question

4. Explain the body’s response to this change in osmolarity including which hormone was altered and how this led to an increase urine flow rate?

Answer 1

OSMOLARITY when INCREASED (which means high concentration of blood) - this can occur in dehydration, diabetes insipidus, head trauma.

This cahnge in the osmolarity os detected by the brain and there is procuction of the ADH (anti diuretic hormone ) into the blood stream, this hormone causes an increase in the reabsorptin of water and makes urine more concentraic saving loss of water from the body. this process results in increased water in the blood and the high osmolatiety gets back to normal conditions.

When the body signals that there is enough osmolarity, it stop the release of ADH into the blood by a negative feedback mechanism and so, prevents low osmolarity in the blood.

LOW OSMOLARITY- caused by excess water consumption, hyponatremia (low sodium levels), or low blood sodium, para neoplastic syndrome.

When there is LOW OSMOLARITY (which means dilute blood ) the pituiary gland lowers the production of ADH into the blood so that more urine is produced and in the dilute form as the water reabsorption is not obstructed since there is low ADH levels in the blood.

additional points-

• ADH is also called as vasopressin.
• secreted into blood by posterior pitutaory gland.
• vasopressin is secreted by sympathetic nervous system. ( most of the time, and in this condition it is by sympathetic stimulaltion)

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