ALL TRUE OR FALSE 1. Unipolar neurons are the least abundan neurons. 2. A subthreshold EPSP...

ALL TRUE OR FALSE

1. Unipolar neurons are the least abundan neurons.

2. A subthreshold EPSP cannot depolarize to threshold

3. ACTH uses the cAMP second messenger system to exert its effect on its target cells

4. The C cells of the parathyroid gland release PTH in response to low blood plasma calcium levels

Expert Solution

All options are TRUE.

Option 1 is correct because, unipolar neurons are oly present in the embryonic stage of the human. After that this unipolar neurons are disappear. The sensory neuron in our body is mainly pseudounipolar neuron that carry sensory information from the receptor. Most abundent neurons are found in the grey matter of the spinal cord that is interneurons. So, unipolar neurons are least abundant in our body.
Option 2 is correct. EPSP means excitatory postsynaptic potential. So EPSP is a potential, that is required for the excitement of the post synaptic membrane. This generation of action potential requires a threshold potential, after reaching the threshold potential a depolarization is started in the neurons. So for the achievement of threshold potential a threshold stimuli is required. If a postsynaptic membrane of neuron is stimulated by subthreshold (lower than threshold stimuli) stimuli then the action potential can't be generated. So a subthreshold EPSP can't depolarize the neurons to its threshoold value, so action potential couldn't be generated.
Option 3 is correct because, ACTH or adrenocorticotropic hormone uses cyclic AMP as a second messenger for their biological action. The hormones in our body classified mainloy inb two categories , Group I, Group II according to their mechanism of action. Among them Group II hormones uses second messenger for their actions. ACTH hormones fall into Group IIA category. In this category all the hormones uses cAMP as second messenger. others categories in group II uses different types of second messenger (cGMP, calcium etc )for their mode of actions. ACTH hormone aftyer binding with cell surface receptor, it activate G protein which stimulate adenylate cyclase. This adenylate cyclase then produce cAMP from ATP. This cAMP then activates protein kinase A. This protein kinase A(PKA) modulate the transcription rate in the cell and produce physiological action in the body.
Option 4 is correct because, the chief cells (C cells) of the parathyroid gland secrets parathyroid hormone (PTH) in response to low blood plasma calcium levels. When the plasma ionized calcium level is decreases below 3.5 mg%, this PTH hormone scretion increases. when the plasma ionized calcium level rised upto 5.5 mg%, the PTH secretion decreases. So there is a inverse relationship between PTH secretion and plasma ionized calcium level. When the blood plasma calcium ion level decreases below 3.5 mg%, PTH hormone reabsorbs calcium ions from the bone, kidney, gut. This reabsorbtion of calcium helps to maintain the plasma calcium level. After certain level (5.5 mg% of plasma calcium ion) PTH hormone secretion by C cells of parathyroid gland decreases. So, C cells of parathyroid gland release PTH hormone in response to low blood plasma calcium levels.

Sydney Mullin answered 2 years ago

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