Question

Historical background for electricity and magnetism

Explain what each of the following materials are and how they are related to electrostatics or magnetism.

1. Amber:

2. Lodestone:

Explain the following theories.

3. Effluvium Theory:

4. Benjamin Franklin’s One Fluid Theory

5. Dufay’s Two Fluid Theory

6. de Magnete:

7. Gilbert categorized the properties as:

Complete the chart below

electric (i.e., amber)	lodestone (magnetic)
i)	i)
ii)	ii)
iii)	iii)
iv)	iv)

Answer 1

Amber

The static electricity was actually derived from the ancient Greek Philosophers.

The electricity was derived from the word elektron .

The word ' elektron ' is the Greek name for Amber . Hence Amber has ancient relationship with the electricity.

Lodestone:

As we can see that there is a use of magnet at almost all the major electronics and other devices .

By the 12th century people got to know about magnetizing the iron to form a magnetic compass purpose.

Loadstone is one of the strong magnetite available in nature . Hence, it is being used as magnetic purpose .

Effluvium Theory :

This theory basically removed the earlier saying about electric charges. As it was believed that the electric charge always attracts.

The scientist got a repulsion of electronic charge and then after lot of research and electricity examples . After 27 years the Effluvium theory of Electricity proved that there is a repulsion in Electric chatgc also.

Benjamin Franklin One Fluid Theory:

According to this theory the electricity is actually one fluid which can either be in excess or absent . Hence explained the charging and discharging phenomenon of a body.

This theory removes the shortcomings of the earlier two Fluid Theory.

This theory explained how the electricity is being the one fluid which has the ablitab to flow and change itsi concentration giving us the charging and discharging phenomenon.

Dufay's Two Fluid Theory :

During the 18th century this theory came into existence to describe the electricity phenomenon before the one fluid theory.

The theory claimed that body consists of two fluids one is positive charge and another is negative charge they both flows in body.

When the positive negative fluid interact they become neutral.This was the earlier theory to explain electricity.

de Magnete :

This was the scientific work which was published by the English scientist for the existence of the Earth as bigger magnet and it's related with the North Pole and existence of the Lodestone came here.

In this theory the Earth is believed to be the bigger magnet and the island in North Pole is taken to describe and study the Magnetic properties.

The explanation of the ancient theorr and there significance has been described above for the good understanding . Referring to them will help this question to be understood easily.