Question

Describe air breathing via a four stroke buccal pump (for each step say what physical event happens and what happens to the air). How is this modified in frogs for sound production? (6 points) Please answer quickly I will upvote immediately after. Thank you in advance!!!!!

Answer 1

In four stroke pump we have four steps to deal with the breathing procedure. This mechanism is used by most of the air breathing fishes.

In the first stroke the air moves to the cavity of the mouth. For this the buccal floor expands and the lungs relaxes and thus air flow to the mouth.

In second stroke the buccal floor elevates and the openinf of glottis constricts. Now air in the mouth moves out through the mouth or nares.

In third stroke the buccal floor expands making the buccal cavity expand. Now the air reaches the mouth through mouth itself or nares.

In the fourth stroke the mouth and nares close. Then the buccal floor elevates. Then the lungs relax and the air moves to the lungs.

In frogs the sound production is through the modification of these steps. The frog has thorax and buccal cavity. In the first stroke the buccal cavity expands and the air reaches there. But in the second stroke instead of going that air to lungs the thorax constricts and the air suddenly pushes to the mouth and moves above the air in the buccal cavity and moves out. Now the passage of air through the trachea and the vocal cord vibrates to produce sound. In the third step the air from buccal cavity moves to the thorax and storing there. Now again a small sound is produced duue to the vibration and of air. Then in the fourth stroke the the buccal cavity starts to return to the original position. The sudden passage of the air through the trachea produce a resonance which is passed over the vocal and produced as sound.