Question

If excess water passes out from the tissue without being restored by the kidneys, the cells would

(a) burst open and die

(b) take water from the plasma

(c) not be affected at all

(d) shrivel and die.

Answer 1

Answer-(c) not be affected at all

If excess water passes out from the tissue without being restored by the kidneys, the cells would not be affected at all.

The condition of thirst leads to the activation of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to release the anti-diuretic hormone. It circulates the blood and reaches the kidney. The effect of this hormone is to reabsorb the excess water in the collecting duct. There will no effect on the kidney cells. The increase in the osmolarity of the blood causes the activation of the pituitary gland to release the anti-diuretic hormone. The blood pressure increases inside the arteries present in the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney. The arterioles constrict as a result of the increase in the blood pressure. Hence option (c) is correct.

The cells burst open and die. It takes place when the cells are placed in the hypotonic solution containing less concentration of salts. The causes the water molecules to enter the cells by the phenomenon of osmosis across the semi-permeable membrane. The cells finally burst open and die. hence, option (a) is incorrect.

The movement of the water molecules across the membrane takes place inside the aquaporin channels present in the membrane. It is not related to the release of water from the kidney cells into the extracellular fluid. Hence, option (b) is incorrect.

The movement of the water molecules outside the cell leads to their reduction in size and shriveling. This occurs when the cells are placed in hypertonic solution containing more concentration of the salt ions. Hence, option (d) is incorrect.