Estimate the dipole moments of all five possible HX compunds, where X is a halogen, using...

Estimate the dipole moments of all five possible HX compunds, where X is a halogen, using only the Pauling electronegativities and showing your answers in both Coulomb-meters and Debye. What is responsible for the trend in polarities of these bonds that your calculations predict? (i.e. what causes the differences in the halogen electronegativities?) Follow-up question: How does this trend differ from that of van der waals interactions involving the halogens?

Solutions

Expert Solution

(1.91 D) / (3x10^29 D/C*m) = 6.37x10^-30 C*m

(0.92 A) (1x10*-10 m/A) = 9.2x10^-11 m

Electronegativies found in Wikipedia:
Electronegativity F = 3.98
Electronegativity H = 2.20
Difference = 3.98 - 2.20 = 2.20
From the table in the reference below, this corresponds to 55% ionic character.

Similarly..calculate the Dipole moment of other Hydrogen Halides

HF	1.91
HCl	1.08
HBr	0.80
HI	0.42 Dipole moment in Debye

Dipole moment means how polar the molecule is, and since the hydrogen halides are diatomic and linear, this translates directly into how polar the bond is.

The polarity of a bond depends on the electronegativity difference between the 2 atoms. The general trend in electronegativity is that it decreases down a column. This is because, while elements in the same column have the same effective nuclear charge (+7 in the case of halogens), they have larger electron clouds as you move down the periodic table. This means the valence (bonded) electrons are farther from the nucleus of Br than they are from the nucleus of F. Therefore, the attraction they feel for the nucleus is less for the larger atoms.

queen_honey_blossom answered 2 years ago

Next > < Previous

Related Solutions

Estimate the area under the graph of f(x)=1/(x+4) over the interval [-1,2] using five approximating rectangles...

Estimate the area under the graph of f(x)=1/(x+4) over the interval [-1,2] using five approximating rectangles and right endpoints. Rn= Repeat the approximation using left endpoints. Ln=

Please answer all parts if possible. Let X ~ Geometric (p) where 0 < p <1...

Please answer all parts if possible. Let X ~ Geometric (p) where 0 < p <1 a) Show explicitly that this family is “very regular,” that is, that R0,R1,R2,R3,R4 hold. R 0 - different parameter values have different functions. R 1 - parameter space does not contain its own endpoints. R 2. - the set of points x where f (x, p) is not zero and should not depend on p. R 3. One derivative can be found with respect...

Please solve all if possible.. 1. Determine the intervals where the function f(x)=2x^2−14x^4 is increasing and...

Please solve all if possible.. 1. Determine the intervals where the function f(x)=2x^2−14x^4 is increasing and decreasing, and also both coordinates of all local extrema, if any. Label each extremum as a maximum or a minimum. 2. Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum value of the function. f(x)=2e^x^3 on [−2,1]. 3. Let f(x)=1−x^(1/3). Determine where the graph of the function is concave upward and concave downward, and the inflection points, if any.

Suppose that we have a single input variable X and all possible values of X is...

Suppose that we have a single input variable X and all possible values of X is {0, 1, 2}. Also, suppose that we have two groups for outcomes (i.e., Y = 1, 2). It is known that the X|Y = 1 has Binomial(2, 0.7) and X|Y = 2 has the discrete uniform. In addition, P(Y = 1) = 0.3. (1) Predict Y for X = 0, 1, 2, respectively, using the Bayes classifier. (2) Compute the overall Bayes error rate.

A sample of five 4-sided dice are thrown. a) What is the space of all possible...

A sample of five 4-sided dice are thrown. a) What is the space of all possible outcomes? b) Plot the probability mass function for the mean sample outcome. c) Calculate the standard deviation from the mass function found in part b. d) Compare the value found in part c with the value found using the central limit theorem.

Estimate the area under the graph of f(x) =5 sqrt x. from x=0 to x=4 using...

Estimate the area under the graph of f(x) =5 sqrt x. from x=0 to x=4 using four approximating rectangles and right endpoints. sketch the graph and rectangles. is your estimate an underestimate or overestimate? Repeat using left endpoints

Select ALL possible answers: Explain where aqueous humor is produced and the function of this fluid...

Select ALL possible answers: Explain where aqueous humor is produced and the function of this fluid in the eye. It is produced by blood vessels within the aqueous humor and it travels around the lens and iris to the space behind the lens. The fluid does not supply nutrients and limited oxygen to the lens and cornea or remove their waste products, as these structures do have their own blood vessels. It is produced by blood vessels within the aqueous...

from monte carlo methods, use importance sampling to estimate P(X > 3) where e^(-sqrt(x)) [sin(x)]^2 and...

from monte carlo methods, use importance sampling to estimate P(X > 3) where e^(-sqrt(x)) [sin(x)]^2 and x > 0

Find the absolute extrema if they exists, as well as all values of x, where they...

Find the absolute extrema if they exists, as well as all values of x, where they occur, for the function f(x)=1/3x^3+1/2x^2-12x+5 on domain [6,6]

Create the probability distribution in a table for all the outcomes where X is the random...

Create the probability distribution in a table for all the outcomes where X is the random variable representing the number of points awarded. (already done) Communicate how you arrived at the probability of each outcome. What is the expected value, E(X), for the game? You may include this in your table from the distribution. If the game costs 10 points to play, how much would the player expect to win or lose? Three Prize roller Outcome x P(x) xP(X) 1...

Subjects