Question

Describe the major properties, methods of analysis, and clinical use of:

AFP

CA-125

CEA

Beta-hCG

PSA

Answer 1

Answer:

• AFP-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a protein that is created by the embryo liver, contain the egg whites family and displays immunoregulatory properties.it is disease antigen.
• It has around 70 kDa atomic weight.In non pregnant ladies and in grown-up guys it very well may be up-to 15ng/ml,if it is expanded up-to 300ng/ml can cause non harmful liver malady and more than 300ng/ml can cause hepatocellularcarcinoma germ cell tumor,and teratoma of ovary.
• on the off chance that maternal serum AFP level increment in embryo cause neural cylinder deformity and if decline cause down disorder.
• AFP blood test performed when somebody has a liver disease or certain malignant growths of the gonads or ovaries,or has danger of hepatocellular carcinoma, to screen neural deformity, down disorder or trisomy if ot demonstrates the outside the typical range than rehash blood test to affirm discoveries USG,genetic advising and conceivable amniocentesis.
• CA-125-disease antigen 125, carcinoma antigen 125, or sugar antigen 125
• CA125 is a protein that is found in blood.and made by ovary utilized as a tumor marker which can hoisted in malignant growth persistent if present on an abnormal state in blood.
• It helps diagnosis,monitor, treatment and decide repeat uncommonly in ovarian disease.
• On the off chance that the dimension of CA125 in the blood is 35 u/ml or higher estimated with immunoassay,then USG performed for performed analysis.
• In considerate condition and physiological state, for example, pregnancy endometriosis and monthly cycle, uterine fibroid,pelvic provocative illness.
• Carcinoembryonic antigen or CEA
• exceedingly glycosylated cell surface glycoprotein associated with intracellular attachment, is a blood borne protein and delivered by tumors of the gastrointestinal framework.
• delivered by lung,large digestive system and bosom malignant growth.
• It is likewise a tumor marker, analysis by blood test , utilized in a malignant growth observing patient with disease.
• Typical serum level are under 2.5ng/ml

fringe 2.5-5.0ng/ml

hoisted more noteworthy than 5.0 ng/ml

Beta-hCG-the pregnancy hormone

• Glycoprotein blended from the syncytiotrophoblastic cells of typical placenta,
• hoisted in early pregnancy in first trimester.
• blood test performed for the analysis.