Question

Patients with chronic hypertension are at risk for suffering kidney damage in our total to reduce their intake of sodium first define hypertension and explain the connection between hypertension and sodium intake nicks describe the damage to the nephron that can result from hypertension and explain how I present you could influence your urine volume

Answer 1

Hypertension: Also known as high blood pressure is, by definition, a repeatedly elevated blood pressure exceeding 140 over 90 mmHg -- a systolic pressure above 140 or a diastolic pressure above 90. Chronic hypertension is a "silent" condition that does not have symptoms.

Eating salt raises the amount of sodium in your bloodstream and wrecks the delicate balance, reducing the ability of your kidneys to remove the water. The result is a higher blood pressure due to the extra fluid and extra strain on the delicate blood vessels leading to the kidneys.

When salt intake is increased, a rise in plasma sodium is immediately buffered by the movement of fluid from the intracellular to the extracellular compartment because of the increase in osmolality in the extracellular space. At the same time, the associated small increase in osmolality stimulates the thirst center, more fluid is consumed, and the increased osmolality also stimulates arginine vasopressin secretion, and thereby more water is retained. All of these tend to reduce plasma sodium toward the previous level. Furthermore, there is an increase in sodium excretion that also helps reduce the level of plasma sodium. Some of these changes are responsible for a tendency of an increase in extracellular fluid volume, which it has been suggested as a mechanism underlying the rise in blood pressure that occurs with increasing salt intake. Some studies have shown that an increase in extracellular fluid volume causes a rise in blood pressure even when plasma sodium is falling.

Over time, high blood pressure harms renal blood vessels. The nephrons in the kidneys are supplied with a dense network of blood vessels, and high volumes of blood flow through them. Over time, uncontrolled high blood pressure can cause damage to blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing their ability to work properly. When the force of blood flow is high, blood vessels stretch so blood flows more easily. If the kidneys' blood vessels are damaged, they may stop removing wastes and extra fluid from the body.