Question

What are sigma and pi bonds?

Answer 1

Sigma and pi bonds come from the valence bond theory concept.

When the atomic orbitals ovelap end to end or head-on , the overlap is maximum and gives rise to a stronger bond called sigma bond.

It is the strongest type of covalent bonds.

It can be formed by the overlap of s-s or s-p or p-p orbitals.

A pi bnd is formed by the sidewise (lateral overlap ) of the orbitals and it always follows the sigma bond. It cannot be formed independently.

It can be formed by the overlap of p-p or p-d orbitals.

In a double bond, one is sigma and second is pi bond.

Ina triple bond, one is sigma and other two are pi bonds.