Question

What is the term used to describe the ‘internal organs’ of a human cell and which parts of the human cell are considered as its internal organs.

Answer 1

The term used to describe the internal organs of a human cell is known as the cell organelle. As the human cell is an eukaryotic cell, therefore the internal of a cell contains membrane bound organelles. The part of the human cell which are known as the internal organs are as follows:-

1. Endoplasmic Reticulum:- This is of two types:-

a. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum:- Involved in protein synthesis and also contains ribosomes.

b. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum:- Involved in lipid synthesis.

2. Mitochondria:- It is a double membrane organelle in which energy production occurs. It is also known as the power house of the cell.

3. Golgi apparatus:- It is used in the packaging of the lipid and protein molecules.

4. Lysosomes:- They contain hydrolytic enzymes used in hydrolysis of toxic substances within the cell.

5. Vacuoles:- They are covered by tonoplast and helps in the digestion and excretion of metabolic waste.

6. Nucleus:- It is also a double membrane structure and contains the DNA as the genetic material. It is the controlling centre of the cell.

7. Cytoplasm:- It is a fluid present inside the cell, in which all the cell organelle resides.  

8. Ribosomes:- They synthesize protein molecules and can be found either on the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum or floating freely in the cytoplasm. They are also known as the protein synthesizing factory.

9. Plasma Membrane:- This membrane is the outermost covering of the cell which facilitates exchange of nutrients, waste etc. amongst the different cells. This is not considered as the internal organ of the human cell as it forms the outermost boundary of the cell.