Question

Smoking habits of UK residents: A survey was conducted to study the smoking habits of UK residents. Below is a data matrix displaying a portion of the data collected in this survey. Note that "£" stands for British Pounds Sterling, "cig" stands for cigarettes, and "N/A" refers to a missing component of the data.

	sex	age	marital	grossIncome	smoke	amtWeekends	amtWeekdays
1	Female	42	Single	Under £2600	Yes	12 cig/day	12 cig/day
2	Male	44	Single	£10,400 to £15,600	No	N/A	N/A
3	Male	53	Married	Above £36,400	Yes	6 cig/day	6 cig/day
∶	∶	∶	∶	∶	∶	∶	∶
1609	Male	40	Single	£2600 to £5,200	Yes	8 cig/day	8 cig/day

a) What does each row of the data matrix represent?

• a variable
• an observation

b) How many participants were included in the survey?
c) Identify each variable, determine whether each variable is numerical or categorical. If the variable is numerical, specify continuous or discrete. If the variable is categorical, specify whether the variable is ordinal or not.

• The variables are sex (regular categorical), age (discrete), marital status (regular categorical), earnings (ordinal), whether or not the individual smokes (regular categorical), amount the individual smokes per day on a weekday (discrete), amount the individual smokes per day on a weekend (discrete)
• The variables are sex (regular categorical), age (discrete), marital status (regular categorical), earnings (continuous), whether or not the individual smokes (regular categorical), amount the individual smokes per day on a weekday (discrete), amount the individual smokes per day on a weekend (discrete)
• The variables are sex (ordinal), age (continuous), marital status (regular categorical), earnings (discrete), whether or not the individual smokes (regular categorical), amount the individual smokes per day on a weekday (discrete), amount the individual smokes per day on a weekend (discrete)

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Answer 1

(a)

Question:

What does each row of the data matrix represent?

Correct option:

an observation

Explanation:
Each row of the data matrix represents an observation.

For example, first row represents a resident, who is Female with age 42, is single, with gross income under 2600, who smokes, with 12 cigarettes per day in weekends and 12 cigarettes per day in weekdays.

(b)

Question:

How many participants were included in the survey?

1609

(c)

Question:

Identify each variable, determine whether each variable is numerical or categorical. If the variable is numerical, specify continuous or discrete. If the variable is categorical, specify whether the variable is ordinal or not.

Correct option:

The variables are sex (regular categorical), age (discrete), marital status (regular categorical), earnings (ordinal), whether or not the individual smokes (regular categorical), amount the individual smokes per day on a weekday (discrete), amount the individual smokes per day on a weekend (discrete)