In: Statistics and Probability
1. In hypothesis testing, the probability of being wrong if one rejects the null hypothesis is also known as:
a. the p-value
b. a Type II, beta error
c. standard deviation
d. standard error
2. The statement in which you say there is a difference between two (or more) groups on some characteristic is called:
a. a critical region
b. a research or alternative hypothesis
c. an assumptions statement
d. a null hypothesis
3. If we reject a null hypothesis which is in fact true, we a. have made
a Type I, alpha error
b. have made a Type II, beta error
c. have made a correct decision
d. should have used a one-tailed test
4. Which of the following is an ordinal variable? Attendance at religious services as:
a. Number of times attended in last year.
b. Attended last week? Yes or No
c. Attend: weekly; monthly; few times a year; once a year; never
5. If scores or values are normally distributed, then about 99% of the scores will fit between:
a. -1 and +1 standard deviations from the mean.
b. -2 and +2 standard deviations from the mean.
c. -3 and +3 standard deviations from the mean.
6. If we state there is not a statistically significant difference between the racial attitudes of two groups, we are basically saying that difference is likely due to:
a. systematic influence
b. chance
1. Hypothesis depends on the test probability which is calculated from any hypothesis test like t test ANOVA etc. Therefore when we reject the null hypothesis then we found that the test probability is less than the level of significance which is alpha. Generally we take alpha = 0.05
If we rejects the null hypothesis and when it's wrong then we make type II error or beta error.
Hence the option is (b)
2. The hypothesis would be
H0: There is no difference between two or more group
H1: There is significant difference between two or more groups
And if we say that there is significant difference between two or more groups. It means we are selecting the alternate hypothesis.
Hence the option is (b) a research and alternate hypothesis
3. When we reject the null hypothesis when it was true then we make type I error or alpha error
Similarly when we reject the alternate hypothesis when it was true then we make type II error or beta error.
Hence the option is (a)
4. The option (c) is an ordinal variable because the attendance are given in an ordered form like
Weekly, monthly, few times a year, once a year and never.
5. 67% score is lie between 1 SD
95% score is lie between 2 SD
and 99% score is lie between 3 SD when the data is normally distributed therefore the option (c) is correct because the 99% score is lie between plus and minus 3 SD because the data is normally distributed
6. Option (a) is correct because the difference is not statistically significant between the group then we generally say that the difference is due to systematic influence