Question

QUESTION 5

The experiment conducted by Andre Jagendorf with isolated thylakoid membranes proved that

possible solutions:

		Blue and red light, but not green, caused photosynthetic production of oxygen
		The ATP synthase complex functioned as a molecular rotary engine
		Molecular oxygen (O2) is derived from water, not CO2
		ATP and NADPH are the direct products of the light reactions, not sugar
		ATP synthesis could be energized by a proton gradient

QUESTION 6

For every molecule of oxygen (O₂) produced, how much ATP and NADPH are produced?

possible solutions:

		3 and 3 respectively
		1 and 1, respectively
		3 and 2, respectively
		2 and 3 respectively
		4 and 4 respectively

QUESTION 7

For every molecule of carbon dioxide (CO₂) incorporated into sugar, how much ATP and NADPH are consumed?

Possible solutions:

		3 and 3 respectively
		1 and 1, respectively
		3 and 2, respectively
		2 and 3 respectively
		4 and 4 respectively

QUESTION 8

When a plant is illuminated after a period of darkness, what changes occur in the environment of the chloroplast? Choose all that are correct

Possible solutions:

		The lumen pH increases
		The stroma pH increases
		The lumen pH decreases
		The stroma pH decreases
		Mg2+ in the stroma increases

QUESTION 9

During the Calvin-Benson Cycle

Possible solutions:

		Chemical energy of ATP and NADPH is used to create a membrane potential
		Chemical energy of ATP and NADPH is used to reduce carbon dioxide to sugars
		Chemical energy of ATP and NADPH is used to oxidize carbon dioxide to sugars
		Light energy is converted and stored directly by reducing carbon dioxide and producing sugars
		Light energy is used to create chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH

Answer 1

5). ATP synthesis could be energized by a proton gradient

Explanation:

Jagendorf soaked chloroplasts in a pH 4 buffer for several hours and then rapidly mixed that with a pH 8 buffer. He noticed that the pH in the stroma moved to 8 whereas the pH of the thylakoid space remained at 4. He then put the isolated thylakoid in the dark and it produced ATP. This proved that Peter Mitchell's hypothesis that ATP synthesis is driven by proton-motive force.

6). 3 and 2, respectively

7). 3 and 2, respectively

Explanation:

6CO2 + 12H2O + 18ATP + 12NADPH -------C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2 + 18ADP+ + 12 NAD+

8).

The stroma pH increases

Mg²⁺ in the stroma increases

Explanation:

The light reactions lead to changes in the stroma—namely, an increase in pH and in Mg²⁺, NADPH, and reduced ferredoxin concentration—all of which contribute to the activation of certain Calvin cycle enzymes.

9). Chemical energy of ATP and NADPH is used to reduce carbon dioxide to sugars

Explanation:

During Calvin cycle, ATP and NADPH are used to reduce CO2 into sugars.