Question

Cell Biology Worksheet

Part I: Foundations of Cell Biology

Respond to the prompts in the tables below. Each response should be at least 30 words. Cite any references that you use.

Foundations of Chemisty in Biology

Prompt	Your response
Describe an example of a chemical reaction that occurs in the body.

Plant Cells

Prompt	Your response
Describe the primary structures in plant cells.
Explain the role of each structure in plant cells.
Explain how plant cells make energy for cellular processes.

Animal Cells

Prompt	Your response
Describe the primary structures in animal cells.
Explain the role of each structure in animal cells.
Explain how animal cells make energy for cellular processes.

Bacterial Cells

Prompt	Your response
Describe the primary structures in bacteria cells.
Explain the roles of each structure in bacteria cells.
Explain how bacteria cells make energy for cellular processes.
How are plant cells, animal cells, and bacteria cells different?

Part II: Applying The Scientific Method to Everyday Life

Recently, Earl attended a picnic at his daughter’s school. The picnic was a potluck, and the food was served outdoors. Contributions included hamburgers, hot dogs, baked beans, potato chips, potato salad, coleslaw, apple pie, and vanilla ice cream. Within 24 hours of the picnic, several attendees developed symptoms of food poisoning. Of the 50 people who attended the picnic, only 30 people became ill. Every person at the picnic ate something, but not every person had an opportunity to sample each item. Earl noticed that the potato salad he started to eat was warm. He also noticed that his hamburger was somewhat pink in the middle and not fully cooked. Earl wonders if eating the hamburgers or the potato salad could be responsible for making some attendees ill. Earl has begun to apply the scientific method to this common problem. Answer each of the following prompts in at least 75 words.

Prompt	Your response
What is Earl’s hypothesis? How did Earl create his hypothesis?
Describe the steps of the scientific method Earl utilized.
How could Earl use the scientific method to create an experiment to determine which food sources made people sick?

References             

Cited in APA Format

Answer 1

Foundations of Chemistry in Biology

Prompt

Your response

Describe an example of a chemical reaction that occurs in the body.

Growth and development of our body are attributed to chemical reactions. Numerous chemical reactions occur in our body. From respiration to digestion, excretion etc. involve chemical reactions. An example of a chemical reaction is respiration. During cellular respiration, glucose combines with oxygen that we breathe in to release energy needed by our cells, and carbon dioxide and water. The chemical energy released during this process is in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration can be represented as: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (as ATP)

Plant Cells

Prompt	Your response
Describe the primary structures in plant cells.	Plant cells make up the plant body. There are different kinds of plant cells that perform different functions. Plant cells consist of a cell wall which encloses the plasma membrane, plasmodesmata, vacuole and plastids. These are the unique features of plant cells which are absent in animal cells. Apart from this, they also contain cytoplasm consisting of organelles like Golgi bodies, mitochondria, Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), peroxisome, vesicles, cytoskeleton, ribosomes and a distinct nucleus.
Explain the role of each structure in plant cells.	Cell wall is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and lignin (in some cases). It surrounds the cell membrane. Cell provides support and protection to the cell. Plasma membrane is made up of phospholipids and are selectively permeable. A large central vacuole is present which is filled with water and helps to maintain turgor pressure against the cell wall. Plasmodesamta are pores in in the cell wall that helps in cell to cell communication. Plastids like chloroplast (a unique feature of plant cells) contain chlorophyll that helps in photosynthesis. Other types of plastids are chromoplast and leukoplast. Ribosomes are structures where protein synthesis occur. ER modify and transport proteins and helps in making lipids and hormones. Vesicles help in transport of molecules from one organelle to another. Golgi bodies receive protein from ER and sends to vesicles. Mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration. Cytoplasm is liquid that houses the organelles. Cytoskeleton give shape to cells and provide strength, stabilizes tissue and helps in cell signaling. Nucleus is membranous consisting of DNA and regulates the growth and development of cell.
Explain how plant cells make energy for cellular processes.	Chloroplasts form the energy factories of plant cells. Photosynthesis is one method of producing energy in plants. Using solar energy they convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose and energy. This occurs in the chloroplast and chlorophyll aids in the absorption of solar energy. Cellular respiration is yet another way of making energy in plants.

Animal Cells

Prompt	Your response
Describe the primary structures in animal cells.	Animal cells are basic unit of life of animals. They are eukaryotic, consisting of distinct nucleus and membrane bound organelles. The primary structures in animal cells are cytoplasm consisting of organelles like Golgi bodies, mitochondria, Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), peroxisome, vesicles, cytoskeleton, ribosomes and a distinct nucleus
Explain the role of each structure in animal cells.	An animal cell consists of Plasma membrane is made up of phospholipids and are selectively permeable. Ribosomes are structures where protein synthesis occur. ER modify and transport proteins and helps in making lipids and hormones. Vesicles help in transport of molecules from one organelle to another. Golgi bodies receive protein from ER and sends to vesicles. Mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration. Cytoplasm is liquid that houses the organelles. Cytoskeleton give shape to cells and provide strength, stabilizes tissue and helps in cell signaling. Nucleus is membranous consisting of DNA and regulates the growth and development of cell.
Explain how animal cells make energy for cellular processes.	Animals produce energy by the process of cellular respiration. During this process, sugar is broken down to form carbon dioxide, water and energy molecules (ATP). Since oxygen is utilized, it is termed as aerobic respiration. Sometimes anaerobic respiration too occur when the availability of oxygen is too low. During this, the end product may be lactic acid. But this process is less efficient since it releases less amount of energy.