Question

How can independent assortment of alleles during meiosis lead to new combinations of alleles of unlinked genes?

How do crossing-overs cause new combinations of alleles of linked genes?

What are the determinants of gender in humans and other organisms?

What are strategies for sex chromosome dosage compensation?

How is DNA organized in organisms?

How is the DNA packed in the nucleus?

Pkease answer ALL QUESTIONS!

Answer 1

How can independent assortment of alleles during meiosis lead to new combinations of alleles of unlinked genes?
By forming a new combination at the time of segregation in anaphase. Find the below image for explanation

How do crossing-overs cause new combinations of alleles of linked genes?
By formation of recombinants, the crossover lead to formation of new combinations.Find the below image for explanation

What are the determinants of gender in humans and other organisms?
The X and Y chromosomes are the determinant of the gender in humans, the the embryo with XX turns in to female, where as the embryo with XY turns in to male.

What are strategies for sex chromosome dosage compensation?
To avoid the excess of gene expression, one of two X chromsomes will be inactivated it is called as dosage compensation.

How is DNA organized in organisms?
In eukaryotes DNA organized in to chromosomes, where as in prokaryotes the DNA organized as a nucleoid.

How is the DNA packed in the nucleus?
The DNA with histones forms nucleosomes, the nucleosomes forms 30 nm thread like chromatin fibre, later if forms 300 nm, 700 nm structures and finally organized as chromosome.