Question

Compare and contrast the process of viral replication in animals, plants, and bacteria. Why this variation?

Answer 1

Process of viral replication in animal-

- This process consists of many steps are as follows-

1) Adsorption - Animal viruses like bacteriophage adsorb on the host cell surface to the receptor site.

2) Penetration - The penetration is carried out through different ways such as direct penetration or fusion with plasma membrane or endocytosis.

- In direct penetration process after adsorbtion vesicle acidification is carried out which altered the capsid structure and viral genome is released into the cytoplasm.

3) Un coating - In this process viral genome separates from protein coat.

4) Replication of viral genome - The process of replication takes place in cytoplasm or in the nucleus.

5) Synthesis and assembly of virus capsid - Capsid is synthesised in cell cytoplasm.

6) Release of virus - Virus released by lysis of cell.

Process of viral replication in bacteria -

This process consists of following steps -

1) Adsorption - In this step virus binds to bacterial cell wall.

2) Penetration - Virus injects its genetic material into bacterium.

3) Replication - By using bacterial cellular components viral genome replicates.

4) Assembly - In this step viral enzymes and components are begin to assemble.

5) Maturation - After assemble of the components viirus becomes fully developed.

6) Realease - Here viral enzyme breaks bacterial cellwall and it releases outside the cell.

Process of replication in plant -

- Virus replication associated with ER which involes formation of vesicles that contains viral protein and viral RNA.

- These vesicles move along with actin microfilament.

- The virus moves in the form of encapsidated virion.