Question

1. To test the effectiveness of a new drug, a researcher gives one group of individuals the new drug and another group a placebo. The results of the study are shown here. At α = 0.10, can the researcher conclude that the drug is effective? Use the P value method.

Medication                              Effective                                          Not Effective

                                                Obs.,       Exp                                        Obs.,       Esp

Drug                                        32                                                      9

Placebo                                   12                                                      18

Answer 1

hypothesis:-

H_0: Effectiveness is independent of whether the individual received the drug.

H_1: Effectiveness depends on whether the individual received the drug.

our claim is the alternative hypothesis

the necessary calculation table:-

	effective			not effective			row total
	observed	expected		observed	expected
drug	32	(44*41)/71 = 25.4085	1.7100	9	15.5915	2.7867	41
placebo	12	18.5915	2.3370	18	11.4085	3.8085	30
column total	44			27			71

the test statistic be:-

df = (2-1) * (2-1) = 1

p value is :  0.0011 [ in any blank cell of excel type =CHISQ.DIST.RT(10.6402,1)]

decision:-

p value = 0.0011 <0.10 (alpha)

so, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that there is sufficient evidence to conclude that the drug is effective at 0.10 level of significance.

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