Question

In: Statistics and Probability

A paper described a survey of 495 undergraduate students at a state university in the southwestern...

A paper described a survey of 495 undergraduate students at a state university in the southwestern region of the United States. Each student in the sample was classified according to class standing (freshman, sophomore, junior, or senior) and body art category (body piercings only, tattoos only, both tattoos and body piercings, no body art).

Use the data in the accompanying table to determine if there is evidence that there is an association between class standing and response to the body art question. Assume that it is reasonable to regard the sample of students as representative of the students at this university. Use

α = 0.01.

Body
Piercings
Only
Tattoos
Only
Both Body
Piercing and
Tattoos
No
Body
Art
Freshman 63 7 14 86
Sophomore 45 11 10 64
Junior 20 9 7 43
Senior 21 17 23 55

Calculate the test statistic. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)
χ2 = __

What is the P-value for the test? (Round your answer to four decimal places.)
P-value = __

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