Question

Short Answer - every answer should be in between 1 - 3 lines.

q. Name ONE physical barrier and ONE anthropogenic (human-caused) barrier that could limit the dispersal of an organism.
Physical:
Anthropogenic:

q, Give TWO examples of what drives habitat suitability for metapopulations?+

q. Complete the table below to match the ecological term with its definition. Use the definitions numbered 1 - 4.
A: Benthic habitat disturbance _
B: Passive dispersal _
C: Secondary succession _
D: Mātaitai _
1. Regeneration of an ecosystem after disturbance
2: Enables local management of recreational and customary fisheries.
3: Leads to a decline in biodiversity, with slow recovery.
4: An organism floats or rafts away from its location

q. Decomposers function in different ways in different habitats. Compare differences between terrestrial and aquatic environments indicating which conditions would lead to faster or slower decomposition rates.

q. Complete the table below to match the predator impact with the examples given. Use the predator impacts below.
A: Galaxiid fish no longer occur below waterfalls where trout are present _
B: Rats remove juvenile tuatara from the population _
C: Nile perch cause 200 cichlid species to go extinct _
1. Age structure of prey population
2. Community impact
3. Distribution change

q. What is the intended outcome of predator control versus eradication?
Control:
Eradication:

q. Describe, using an example, the major ecological challenge resulting from only eradicating possums, rat and mustelids as part of the Predator-Free NZ campaign

Answer 1

Physical: Consists of landscape features that prevent organisms from relocating. Eg: mountains, lakes, rivers and lakes.
Anthropogenic: They function as impediments to movement. Eg: raods, farming and river dams.

Metapopulation: Group of spatially separated populations of the same species which can interact at some level. Examples: populations of butterflies and coral-reef fishes.

Benthic habitat disturbance - Regeneration of an ecosystem after disturbance
Passive dispersal - An organism floats or rafts away from its location
Secondary succession - Leads to a decline in biodiversity, with slow recovery.
Mātaitai - Enables local management of recreational and customary fisheries.

Terrestrial environment	Aquatic environment
Abundant of light available for this environment.	Increased depth gets lesser amount of light.
Water availability depends on the rainfall and ground water level.	Water is readily available.
Present in the soil.	Salt water environment consists of dissolved ions.
Very low viscosity.	Low viscosity, lower than air.
Temperature varies daily and according to the seasonal variations.	Less variation on temperature.

Galaxiid fish no longer occur below waterfalls where trout are present - Distribution change
Rats remove juvenile tuatara from the population - Age structure of prey population
Nile perch cause 200 cichlid species to go extinc - Community impact

Control: It is a wildlife management aimed at reducing populations of predatory species either to protect livestock or boost population of game animals.
Eradication: A complete destroying of somethng like eradication of complete reduction to zero new cases of infections/diseases worlwide.

Eradications of invasive species from over 1000 small islands around the world have created conservation arks and NZ have eradicated 10% of invasive predators from its off-shore island and hs proposed a new vision on eliminating them from the country entirely by 2050 possess a stratergy for a predator-free NZ which is shown to be ecologically obtainable, socially desirable and economically viable.