A year-old jackal that attempts to find a mate and raise its own offspring will produce...

A year-old jackal that attempts to find a mate and raise its own offspring will produce an average of 0.4 offspring in the first season. Another option would be to help its older sibling (full sibling) rear offspring. What is the minimum number of offspring the sibling would have to produce in order for the inclusive fitness of a year-old jackal to be higher in the helper role than raising its own offspring?

Expert Solution

Fitness can be direct (produce its own offspring) or indirect(helping produce relatives offspring).The indirect fitness component is calcullated based on the increase in reproductive success resulting from the help provided by the donor weighted by the relatedness of the donor to those offspring.Hamiltonion rule provides the basis for calculating the costs and benefits of helping .In the simplest form ,hamiltonion rule is:r*B>C,where r is coefficient of relatedness,B is the benefit of help to the receipient,and C is the cost to the donor.When calculating whether altruism will be selected for through kim selection,it is useful to define B andC in term of offspring and weight each by the coefficient of relatedness to the donor,this changes the equation to be:rB*B>rC*C.

Relatedness of donor to own offspring,rC=0.5(because individual's own child carries one half of the individuals gene)

Relatedness of donor to siblings offspring,rB=0.25(a sibling's child always carries one quarter of the individuals gene)

B,cost in terms of own direct fitness=0.5

C=(rB*B)/rC=(0.25*0.5)/0.5=0.25

gladiator answered 1 year ago

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