The rate of heat transfer, Q [energy/time = power] through a
pipe wall between a fluid and the surroundings depends on fluid
properties: density (ρ), viscosity (μ), specific heat
(cp [energy/temperature/mass]); and also on pipe and
flow properties: the length (l), diameter (D), and thermal
conductivity (λ [power/length/temperature]) of the pipe, fluid mean
velocity (V), and the temperature difference (ΔT) between the pipe
wall and the surroundings. Use dimensional analysis to express this
system in terms of dimensionless numbers. The...