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In: Biology

The image to the left is best described as what genetic tool used to determine gender...

The image to the left is best described as what genetic tool used to determine gender and chromosomal abnormalities?

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Expert Solution

Karyotyping (karyo-nucleus, typing- testing) is the genetic tool which is very widely used to examine the chromosomes (genetic material) for their size, shape, structure and the number in an individual. Karyotype analysis can only be performed in the cells that are undergoing rapid cell divisions (bone marrow or chorionic villus) or can be activated in culture to divide (Skin fibroblasts and amniocytes etc.).

  • It can be used to determine the gender as in females, XX chromosome pair is present as compared to males who posess XY genotype. As the size and structure of Y choromosome is small and its acrocentric, it can be easily distinguished from X chromosome which is far larger in size.
  • Also, by understanding the morphology and ploidy of the chromosomes, Chromosomal abnormalities can also be identified. For eg- In Down's syndrome, 21st chromosome trisomy occurs that can be understood by karyotype analysis.

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