Question

Write a question and answer it. (Question should not be a textbook type, it should be interpretation type question) I'm a first grader molecular biology and genetics student

Answer 1

Question 1- Explain the process of transcription and translation with the help of a diagram.

Answer 1-

Transcription is a process of formation of RNA (ribonucleic acid) which takes place in the nucleus and is catalyzed by the enzyme RNA polymerase. It occurs unidirectionally in which transcript (RNA) is synthesized in direction. The various steps involved in transcription are:-

1. Formation of transcription unit: - The transcribed units are called a transcription unit. It starts with the transcription start site and terminates at the transcription termination site. At transcription start site, first transcription factors bind and then RNA polymerase binds to laid down the process of transcription.

2. Initiation: - DNA strands unwind and polymerase initiates RNA synthesis at the start point on the template strand.

3. Elongation: - Polymerase starts moving downstream unwinds the double-strand and elongates transcript in direction.

4. Termination: - RNA transcript is released and the polymerase detaches from DNA leads to the termination of transcription.

The translation is a process of protein synthesis which is directly mediated by RNA. A cell translates the information contained in the nucleotide sequence of RNA into a sequence of amino acids which combines and form polypeptide by the use of tRNA. The flow of genetic information occurs as:

A cell translates an mRNA message into polypeptide using tRNA. Transfer RNA bound to a specific amino acid by an aminoacyl tRNA transferase. The tRNA lines up by anticodon at the complementary codon present on mRNA. This coupling is facilitated by the ribosome which is made up of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. Thus mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes involve directly in translation.

Question 2- What will be the molecular weight of DNA which is required to code a protein which has molecular weight 10,000?

Answer 2-

Given that,

Molecular weight of protein = 10,000

Number of amino acids this protein comprises=10,000/3 = 3333

One amino acid is a triplet of 3 nucleotides; it means that number of nucleotides

One nucleotide has a molecular weight of 650

Thus, 9999 has molecular weight = 6599350.