Electron Withdrawing (EWD) and Electron Donating (ED) groups on a monomer have a significant bearing on...

Electron Withdrawing (EWD) and Electron Donating (ED) groups on a monomer have a significant bearing on the strength of initiator required for polymerisation to occur. Using a cyanoacrylate based monomer illustrate how the EWD functionality on a monomer and anionic initiator strength can be tailored for use in a commercial application

Expert Solution

Alkene monomers with Electron withdrawing groups like CN, C₆H₅ etc. Undrgoes polymerization in the presence of strong bases such as KNH₂, LiNH₂ or organometallic compounds such as n- butyllithium as initiators. In chain initiation step, base adds to double bond of alkene monomer to form a carbanion. In the chain propagation step, the carbanion adds to another monomer molecule to form a bigger carbanion and the process is repeated to form a polymeric carbanion. In chain termination, the chain reaction is terminated by the addition of proton. Electron withdrawing groups stabilize the carbanion by dispersing its negative charge.

Cyanoacrylates can be polymerized by a weak base like NaOH because of the presence of two electron withdrawing groups

- CN and - COOCH₃. Cyanoacrylates polymerize quickly even in presence of basic impurities like metal oxides present on the surface of glass to form super glue or crazy glue. It has a high tensile strength and one drop of it can support a weight of about 2000lbs.

queen_honey_blossom answered 2 years ago

Aldehydes with strongly electron donating groups, such as p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, or with strongly electron withdrawing groups, such...

Aldehydes with strongly electron donating groups, such as p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, or with strongly electron withdrawing groups, such as p-nitrobenzaldehyde, fail to undergo self-condensation in the presence of cyanide ion. However such aldehydes will undergo mixed condensations with benzaldehyde. Explain.

- Why are electron withdrawing groups (ie nitro group, carbonyl) meta directors? - Why are electron...

- Why are electron withdrawing groups (ie nitro group, carbonyl) meta directors? - Why are electron donating groups o,p-directors? - Why are halogens deactivators, but o,p-directors

1. In a Diels-Alder reaction, electron-withdrawing groups in the dienophile end up preferentially in the _________...

1. In a Diels-Alder reaction, electron-withdrawing groups in the dienophile end up preferentially in the _________ position, and the diene must be in the ____________ conformation. A) Endo; s-cis C) Exo; s-trans B) Endo; s-trans D) Exo; s-cis 2.What is the hybridization of the central carbon of allene (1,2-propadiene)? A) sp B) sp2 C) sp3 D) p 3.Which of the following corresponds to the COC bond angle in diethyl ether? A) 60o B) 110o C) 120o D) 180o 4.Which of...

List the different electron donating compounds that provide energy for the work done by biological organisms?

The relative acidity between carboxylic acids has been used as a means for determining the electron-withdrawing...

The relative acidity between carboxylic acids has been used as a means for determining the electron-withdrawing or electron-donating abilities of substituents. a) The pKa of phenyl acetic acid is 4.31, making it a stronger acid than acetic acid. Is the Ph group electron-donating or electron-withdrawing in this case? b) The Ph group is a mild o,p-director in EAS reactions. Is the Ph group electron-donating or electron-withdrawing? If the answer contradicts your answer from part a, provide an explanation. c) 4-Methoxybenzoic...

Give the number of total electron groups, the number of bonding groups, and the number of...

Give the number of total electron groups, the number of bonding groups, and the number of lone pairs for (a) geometry. Express your answers as an integer. Enter your answers in ascending order separated by commas. Give the number of total electron groups, the number of bonding groups, and the number of lone pairs for (b) geometry. Express your answers as an integer. Enter your answers in ascending order separated by commas. Give the number of...

Please explain the affects that concentration of monomer can have on typical a radical polymerization

What are some of the groups (classes of Vertebrates) and what are significant characteristics?

Why is Rutherford’s foil experiment significant A) it led to the discovery of the electron B)...

Why is Rutherford’s foil experiment significant A) it led to the discovery of the electron B) it led to the discovery of the nucleus C) it led to the discovery of the proton D) It led to the discovery of the neutron A cation is created when A) electrons are lost B) electrons are gained C) the atom becomes positive D) both a and c E) none of the above According to the law of definite proportions any two samples...

A researcher is studying groups of freshman, sophomore, and junior students and finds a significant ANOVA...

A researcher is studying groups of freshman, sophomore, and junior students and finds a significant ANOVA with regards to the number of trips to the library each quarter. His data is summarized below. (Each group had 10 subjects; use α = .01) F= 4 S= 10 J[s1]= 13 MSerror (within) = 5 Assuming a significant F ratio (one way-between subjects ANOVA), do a Fisher’s Post-Hoc test with this information. Set α = .01. a) What is the critical value for the above test? (1 point)...

Question