Question

write 800 words essay about the different amino acid groups as essential and nonessential. the paper should include their source as well as why it is important to our body.

Answer 1

Essential amino acids :

These are the amino acids which can not synthesized in the body of human and needs to supplied through the diet.

There are following essential amino acids.

1. Histidine:  It contains an ?-amino group, a carboxylic acid group( –COO^?), and an imidazole side chain.

Source: A precursor to histamine.

2. Isoleuicine:   It contains an ?-amino group, a carboxylic acid group( –COO^?), a hydrocarbon side chain, classifying it as a non-polar, and aliphatic amino acid.

Source:Isoleucine is synthesized from pyruvate

3. Lysine : It contains an ?-amino group, an ?-carboxylic acid groupand a side chain lysyl , classifying it as a charged (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid.

Source: Casien in milk

4. Leucine:It contains an ?-amino group an ?-carboxylic acid group and a side chain isobutyl group, making it a non-polar aliphatic amino acid.

Source: Human dietary sources are foods that contain protein, such as meats, dairy products, soy products, and beans and other legume

5. Phenylamine:

Source:Phenylalanine is found naturally in the breast milk of mammals

6. Methionine:

Source: In plants and microorganisms, methionine biosynthesis belongs to the aspartate family, along with threonine and lysine.

Methionine has a role in the metabolism and health of many species and humans.

7. Threonine: Source : Threonine is synthesized from aspartate in bacteria such as E. coli.

8. Tryptophan: Tryptophan is a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin and the hormonemelatonin

9. valine: Source Human dietary sources are foods that contain protein, such as meats, dairy products, soy products, beans and legumes.

Non essential amino acids:

These are the amino acids which can be synthesized in the organisms body.

1. Alanine: Alanine can be synthesized from pyruvate and valine, leucine, and isoleucine.

2. Aspartic acid: Synthesized through the transamination of oxaloacetate.

3. Asparagine: The precursor to asparagine is oxaloacetate.

4. Glutamic acid: Synthesis was supplanted by the aerobic fermentation of sugars and ammonia.

5. Serine:The synthesis of serine initiates with the oxidation of 3-phosphoglycerate which an intermediate from glycolysis to 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate and NADH by phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase.

6. Selenocystine: It is present in enzymes glutathione peroxidases, tetraiodothyronine 5' deiodinases, thioredoxin reductases, formate dehydrogenases, glycine reductases. etc.

7. Pyrrolysine:  Synthesized in vivo by the combination of two molecules of L-lysine

Functions:

Deficiency of these amino acid leads to Kwashiorkor whcih is protein malnutrition predominant, Marasmus and Marasmic Kwashiorkor, headache, dizziness and skin disordes.