Question

1. what is an end effector? Describe different types of grippers and tools that are connected to manipulator.

2. explain different types of sensors used in robotic system.

3. list the applications of robotics and explain briefly.

4. Define the following
    a. load carrying capacity
    b. work volume
    c. end effector

Please provide the answers for the above questions which are related to ROBOTICS

Answer 1

1. In robotics, an end effector is the device at the end of a robotic arm, which will interact with the environment. The exact nature of this device depends on the application of the robot. At this endpoint tools are attached. End effectors may be any tool or grippers.

Different types grippers that are connected to manipulator-

MECHANICAL GRIPPERS-Two or more fingers which are actuated by robot controller for opening and closing work. Hooks and scoops.

VACCUM GRIPPERS – suction cups to hold flat objects.

MAGNETIZED DEVICES- used to hold flexible devices.

DUAL GRIPPERS- consist of two gripping devices used for machine loading and unloading. Reduces cycle time.

INTERCHANGABLE GRIPPERS- comes with an arrangement to have modular fingers to accommodate different sizes work part.

MULTIPLE FINGERED GRIPPERS- mechanical as per general anatomy of human hand

STANDARD GRIPPERS- used for commercial purpose of processing operations.

1. DIFFERENT TYPES OF SENSORS USED IN ROBOTICS-

TACTILE SENSORS- touch sensors are used to indicate the contact. Force sensors are used to indicate the magnitude of force applied on object.

PROXIMITY SENSORS- used to determine how close an object is to the sensors. Also called range sensor

OPTICAL SENSOR – photocells and other photometric devices that are used to detect presence or absence of an object. Mostly used with proximity sensors

MACHINE VISION- used in robotics for inspection, parts identification, guidance, etc

OTHERS LIKE temperature sensors, fluid pressure sensors, current and voltage sensors.

1. APPLICATIONS OF ROBOTICS-

INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS- used in industrialized manufacturing atmosphere. Mostly are articulated arms particularly created for applications like material handling, painting, welding and others in factories

DOMESTIC AND HOUSEHOLD ROBOTS- robotic pool cleaners, vacuum cleaners, robotic swearers and sweepers and others which can perform different household tasks.

MEDICAL ROBOTS- employed in medicine and medical institutes. Surgical treatment robots. Patient lifting and comfort robots.

SERVICE ROBOTS- data collecting robots, exhibiting technologies, robots employed for research.

MILITARY ROBOTS- bomb discarding robots, shipping robots, exploration drones, robots employed in law enforcement, exploration and salvage and other associated fields.

ENTERTAINMENT ROBOTS- model robots such as Robosapiens or the running photo frames and concludes with real heavy weights like articulated robot arms deployed as moved simulators.

SPACE ROBOTS- used space shuttles, international space stations, mars exploration and other activities.

1. LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY IN ROOBOTICS-

Load carrying capacity of a robot is defined as the maximum load that a robotic system can carry provided that the motors torques do not exceed the saturation limits. It is also an important factor. It is determined by weight of the gripper used to grasp the objects. Commercial robots can carry loads up to 900 kg, while medium sized robots used in industries can carry up to 45kg.

WORK VOLUME-

It is the space within which robot can operate. It is the spatial region within which end of the robot’s wrist can be manipulated. Robot manufacturers define work volume in terms of wrist end with no hand or tool attached.