Question

In: Biology

42. What role do growth factors have in cancer? Select one: They bind to E2F, skipping...

42.

What role do growth factors have in cancer?

Select one:

They bind to E2F, skipping the G1 checkpoint

They result in too many cyclins, affecting Rb and E2F

They bind to Cdk, skipping the G1 checkpoint

They make cells grow faster

They bind to Cdk, resulting in the S phase proceeding

43.

With respect what can cause cells to become cancerous, what is the significance of adding a phosphate (P) to the molecule Rb?

Select one:

it causes the release of growth factors

it deactivates E2F, stopping the cell cycle

it releases E2F resulting in cells producing more growth factors

it releases E2F resulting in cells replicating chromosomes and eventually dividing

it causes the binding of cyclins to Cdk

44.

Individuals that are carriers of the Cystic Fibrosis allele ____________:

Select one:

must always have children with the disease

have no chance of having children with the disease

have a heterozygous genotype

have the disease

have a homozygous genotype

46.

A cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) is ________.

Select one:

a growth factor in cells

a molecule that binds to cyclins in the cell cycle checkpoints

used to substitute for E2F in cancer cells

part of the chiasmata in meiosis

used in mitosis to move the chromosomes

Solutions

Expert Solution

##### Answer and Explanation #####

What role do growth factors have in cancer?

     Answer- They make cells grow faster

   Explanation- Since the growth factors help in the regulation of progression in the various phases of the cell cycle in the regulated manner but in case of Cancerous cell, The growth factors loss their regulation properties resulting the cancer. Here we can understand it with the help of Rb (Retinoblastoma) that is a growth factor and regulates the cell cycle progression from G1 to S-phase.

    In this progression Rb binds with E2F in the normal condition and controls the progression by phoshorylating Rb to free E2F which further transcripts the factors that allow the cell to progress if all the cell settings are right. But in case of loss of function in Rb (mostly in hyper phoshorylation), the cell cycle deregulates and becomes cancerous cell.

Loss of function can lead to increase in metastatic potential, that ultimately leads to the fast growing of the cells.

Thanks


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