Question

Make a diagram to explain how a human gene can be cloned into a bacterial plasmid.

You should represent the events that need to occur in order to: Clone the insulin gene into a bacterial plasmid, Transform the plasmid into E. coli

Include definitions or descriptions of the following terms/components:

Restriction enzyme(s)

Ligase

Plasmid DNA

Human mRNA (the mRNA for insulin)

Reverse transcriptase

Transformation

E. coli marker genes (an antibiotic resistance gene)

Cloning vector

Answer 1

In cloning process gene or genes from one organism are clone into another for better production. there are different component and enzymmes are used for in this process these are as follows.

• Restriction enzymes : are used to cut targeted vector and gene at specific site/ sequence ,which can easily ligate in another DNA molecule
• Ligase is the enzyme which joint two DNA fragment to each other.
• Plasmid DNA is extra chromosomal DNA present in bacteria which can used for cloning of genes after some modifications.
• Human mRNA is mRNA molecule which carry information for synthesis of insulin hormone , it produce after transcription of insulin gene. In human cell.
• Reverse transcriptase is enzyme which used for synthesis of DNA molecule from mRNA to produce cDNA molecule.
• Transformation is process in which bacterial cells take up DNA molecules from surrounding.
• E.coli marker gene( an antibiotic resistance gene) are the genes which have specific function and can used for screening of transformed cells like antibiotic resistance gene.