Question

1. All of the following are steps in figuring the chi-square statistic EXCEPT

a. figure the overall F ratio, by figuring, for each category or cell, the observed minus expected, and squaring this difference.

b. determine the observed frequencies in each category or cell.

c. determine the expected frequencies in each category or cell.

d. divide each squared difference between observed and expected frequencies by the expected frequency for its category or cell.

2. A researcher carries out a chi-square test of statistical significance and finds that the obtained chi-square( χ 2) value is -11.44 with 3 degrees of freedom. From this we should conclude that

a. the result is not statistically significant.

b. there were too few categories.

c. the result is statistically significant.

d. the researcher made a calculation error.

Answer 1

## 1. All of the following are steps in figuring the chi-square statistic EXCEPT

Answer : Correct option is : a )

a. figure the overall F ratio, by figuring, for each category or cell, the observed minus expected, and squaring this difference.

## and following are the steps in chi square test :  

b. determine the observed frequencies in each category or cell.

c. determine the expected frequencies in each category or cell.

d. divide each squared difference between observed and expected frequencies by the expected frequency for its category or cell.

## 2. A researcher carries out a chi-square test of statistical significance and finds that the obtained chi-square( χ 2) value is -11.44 with 3 degrees of freedom. From this we should conclude that

Answer : here chi square test statistics value is = -11.44 it is negative

The value of a chi square cannot be negative because it is based on a sum of squared difference

( between obtained and expected results )

d. the researcher made a calculation error.