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In: Chemistry

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Expert Solution

The bond length of two atoms is the distance between the centers/ nuclei of the atoms involved in the bond. In order to break any bond, energy of a certain value has to be supplied. this means that the closer the nuclei of the bonding atoms are, a greater supply of energy is needed to separate the atoms. in other words, 'short' bond lengths require high dissociation energies to break the bond.When bond length decreases, the bond energy increases because the atoms are closer and the forces of attraction are greater so it would take more energy to break the bond.

See in case of halogens attached to benzene ring here inductive effect dominates the +M effect of halogens so increase in the polarity of the C-F bond in the benzene group leading to the partial positive charge on the C atom ( as F is most electron withdrawing group) attached to the benzene ring leading to the more preferred for Nucleophillic substitution.
Things that can decrease bond length are double bonds, and triple bonds. So a double bond would have more energy than a single bond because of shorter bond length and a triple bond would be shorter than a double bond so it would have more energy.


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