Question

13. Which statement best describes what the Carnivore Connection hypothesis authors stated about the quality of the carbohydrate during the last 10,000 years and its impact on the prevalence of type II diabetes today? (1pt)

a. People with insulin resistance do better on coarsely ground grains containing the fibrous bran rather than flour made from just the starch-laden endosperm. This is because fiber slows the absorption of glucose. Coarse grinding of grain occurred during the Neolithic time period and insulin resistant people still would have done well in this nutritional environment even though it was higher in carbohydrates.

b. People with insulin resistance did not do well in the Neolithic time period because of the wide availability and consumption of cereal grains. Increased carbohydrate intake made it difficult to control blood glucose spikes.

c. The quality of the carbohydrate is not a factor in the rise of type II diabetes today. The main factor for the increase in diabetes has been lack of exercise leading to obesity.

d. The Industrial Revolution was the first major dietary change in the evolutionary history of humans. This led to the advent of agriculture, wide use of cereal grains for food and machines that could strip grains of the fibrous bran. This has led to the rise in type II diabetes because our ancestors have always been insulin resistant.

Answer 1

ANSWER: d. The Industrial Revolution was the first major dietary change in the evolutionary history of humans. This led to the advent of agriculture, wide use of cereal grains for food and machines that could strip grains of the fibrous bran. This has led to the rise in type II diabetes because our ancestors have always been insulin resistant.

EXPLANATION:

In hypothesis named "CARNIVORE CONNECTION ", explains the high prevalence of intrinsic resistance and type 2 diabetes in population which had changed from oldage diets with a low glycemic load , to high carbohydrate , high glycemic index diets seen in modern population.

In Section 5 of hypothesis it deals the topic QUALITY OF CARBOHYDRATES and it states as follow:

"The industrial revolution marked the era of the high-GI, high-glycemic load diet. New high-speed steel roller mills allowed cereal grains to be more finely ground and the fiber separated and removed. The degree of gelatinization during cooking increased and thus the rate of carbohydrate digestion and absorption, producing greater postprandial increases in glycemia and insulinemia . High-GI varieties of potatoes were introduced to western diets at this time, contributing to a higher dietary glycemic load . The modern high-carbohydrate, high-GI diet therefore elicits more insulin secretion, that is, a higher insulin demand. Oxidative stress within the β-cell could therefore contribute to increased apoptosis and gradual reduction in β-cell mass. Eventually, in susceptible individuals with higher degrees of insulin resistance and reduced β-cell mass, impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes develop . Those with inborn, inherent insulin resistance face the greatest challenges when exposed to Westernization"