Question

A. The following arguments were abstracted from newspaper articles, editorials, and letters to

the editor. Construct argument patterns diagram. If a statement is redundant or plays no

role in the argument, do not include it in the pattern.

i. The conditions under which many food animals are raised are unhealthy for humans.

To keep these animals alive, large quantities of drugs must be administered. These

drugs remain in the animals’ flesh and are passed on to the humans who eat it.

ii. When parents become old and destitute, the obligation of caring for them should be

imposed on their children. Clearly, children owe a debt to their parents. Their parents

brought them into the world and cared for them when they were unable to care for

themselves. This debt could be appropriately discharged by having grown children care

for their parents.

iii. It appears that animals may be able to predict earthquakes. Prior to a major quake in

China, hundreds of snakes suddenly appeared from hibernation and froze to death in

the snow, fish were seen leaping from rivers and lakes, and cows and horses refused to

enter barns. Also, prior to a quake in Fremont, California, a flood of callers reported

strange behavior from their pets and domestic animals.

iv. Wanda arrived at work with her right pant leg rolled up. Cyclists often roll up their

right pant leg in order to keep their pants legs from getting caught in the chain. Bob

saw Wanda riding her bike towards work at 7:45. Therefore, Wanda rode her bike to

work today

Answer 1

An argument consists of one or more premises and a conclusion. A statement that is used to derive the conclusion of an argument is the premise of that argument. There can be one or more premises in an argument that can be used to derive the conclusion which is unique for a given argument.
i)

The given arguments is:

1) The conditions under which many food animals are raised are unhealthy for humans

2) To keep these animals alive, large quantities of drugs must be administered

3) These drugs remain in the animals’ flesh and are passed on to the humans who eat it

ii)

The given arguments is:

1) When parents become old and destitute, the obligation of caring for them should be imposed on their children.

2) Clearly, children owe a debt to their parents

3) Their parents brought them into the world and cared for them when they were unable to care for themselves

4) This debt could be appropriately discharged by having grown children care for their parents.

iii)

The given arguments is:

1) It appears that animals may be able to predict earthquakes

2) Prior to a major quake in China, hundreds of snakes suddenly appeared from hibernation and froze to death in the snow,

3) fish were seen leaping from rivers and lakes, and

4) cows and horses refused to enter barns. Also,

5) prior to a quake in Fremont, California, a flood of callers reported strange behavior from their pets and domestic animals.

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