Question

CompTIA Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification (4th Edition)(Please do not do it in a mac and add pictures of the machine.)

Project 2-6 In this hands-on project, you properly shut down your Linux system.

1. Press CtrlþAltþF2 to switch to a command-line terminal (tty2), and then log in to the terminal using the user name of root and the password of LNXrocks!.

2. At the command prompt, type poweroff to shut down your Linux system immediately. Which commands from Table 2-9 can also be used to shut down your Linux system?

Answer 1

Part 1:

As per the question, to enter the system username: root and password: LNXrocks! is entered while prompted.

Else, if there is no prompt for the username and password, enter sudo to enter the Linux system in admin mode, then the username and password will be prompted to continue. [Sudo command is used whenever we want to use the admin privilages, eg: for installing a software, to update the system etc].

Part 2:

The commands that can be used to shutdown the system ( except poweroff ) are:

• shutdown
  • Shutdown command has the following desctiptive: shutdown [options][time][message]
  • Shutdown functions differently depending on the options used.
  • To shutdown immediately following can be used (as per question):
    • ​​​​​​​shutdown -h now [-h specifies "halt"]
    • shutdown -r now [-r specifies "reboot"]
    • shutdown -p now [-p specifies "poweroff"]
  • To shutdown after sometime,
    • Eg: shutdown -h +30 "Shutting Down after software update" (any message, any time can be specified. -r can be used if you wish to restart the system)
• halt
  • ​​​​​​​Halts the system
  • Descriptive: halt [options]
  • It brings the system to its lowest state, but it does not completely poweroff the system.
  • A force press on poweroff button on CPU/laptop might be needed while using halt, to completely poweroff the system.
  • Used for maintanence works at low system level.
  • halt -p : Poweroff the system.
  • halt --reboot : Restarts the system.
• reboot
  • ​​​​​​​Restarts the system.
  • Descriptive: reboot [options]
  • During this command, internally it does the operations of the shutdown command, but later it wakes up the system by booting again.
  • reboot -f : Forcibly reboots the system
  • reboot -p: Poweroff the system
  • reboot --halt: Halt the system
• Extra information:
  • ​​​​​​​Using systemctl
    • ​​​​​​​sudo systemctl poweroff can be used to immediately power off.
    • sudo systemctl reboot can be used to restart system.
    • Admin privilages to execute this command is mandatory.
  • Using init
    • ​​​​​​​sudo init 0 brings the system to its lowest level (like in halt) but not completely powered off.
    • Admin privilages to execute this command is mandatory.

Please check the bold in shutdown section for the exact answer to the question. Added extra information for a cummulative learning.

Hope this solution helps.