Question

. Define plant development and explain which main developmental processes are required to build a plant. Indicate why plant development is an essential trait in agriculture giving some examples of developmental modifications selected throughout plant domestication.

Answer 1

Stages of plant development:

Plants are germinated from seed and they develop into a mature plant. The life of plants depends upon the species of that particular plant. The duration of developmental stages of plant also depends upon the species and nutrients. These are the following stages of plant development.

1. Sprout: dry seed are generally placed in soil and allow for germination. They uptake nutrients which are present in the seed in stored form and begin growing their first pair of leaves.

2. Seedling: when the first pair of leaves arises from seed they absorb nutrients more rapidly and start growth at fast speed.

3. Vegetative: they uptake nutrients like: carbon from carbondioxide which is present in environment and all minerals and water from soil and enhance the size. Differentiation of root, shoot leaf is very clear.

4. Budding: it is reproductive stage of the plant which demands high amount of phosphorus. Plants starts development and differentiation of reproductive parts and produce small buds.

5. Flowering: buds develops and form flower. Formation of flower requires high amount of nutrients and potassium.

6. Ripening: the process of fertilization occurs and produces fruits. Fruits are the last part of matured plant.

In the initial step we can say that, seed germination is very importent step.

Various features of plant like plant architecture, leaf structure and morphological features can be maintained for quality improvement. vascular architecture and flowering time and duration are important processes of photosynthetic efficiency and hence the controls the performance of crop plant. These traits can be optimize to enhance the features and desired characters.

1. genetic mutations in carrots for the production of more vitamins and pigments.

2. Formation of golden rice for more vitamin capsity.

3. Flaver saver tomato to enhance shelf life of them.

4. BT cotton and BT bringel to prevent them from insects and crop damage.