Question

4. Explain/discuss prenatal development, postnatal development, and perceptual-motor development.

5. Define/explain the following terms: anatomical position, regional terminology, directional terms, superficial, deep, intermediate, frontal plane, transverse plane, saggital plane, dorsal body cavity, cranial cavity, ventral body cavity, tissue, epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nerve tissue.

Answer 1

4- Prenatal development- prenatal development may be defined as growth and development of fetus in uterua of mother from fertilization till birth.

The process of prenatal development occurs in three main stages. The first two weeks after conception are known as the germinal stage, the third through the eighth week is known as the embryonic period, and the time from the ninth week until birth is known as the fetal period.

Postnatal development- postnatal means "after birth" it is the stage of development immediately after birth till 6 week.

Postnatal development can be broadly divided into the age categories of: Neonatal (birth to 1 month), Infancy (1 month to 2 years), Childhood (2 years to puberty), Puberty (12 years to mid-teens) and Young Adult a new category (late teens to early twenties).

5 Anatomical position-  The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward. The anatomical position is of importance in anatomy because it is the position of reference for anatomical nomenclature.

Regional terminology-Regional terminology  describe the different parts of the body by the structures and functions of a specific region. The most basic regional terms are the axial and appendicular regions.

Directional terms-The Directional terms are used to locate structures and regions of the body relative to the anatomical position . These terms are very useful when describing the locations of structures to be studied in dissection.

Superficial, deep- Superficial describes a position closer to the surface of the body. The skin is superficial to the bones. Deep describes a position farther from the surface of the body.

Intermediate -Intermediate , the relative location of an anatomical structure lying between two other structures.

Frontal plane-  A vertical plane running from side to side; divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions.

Transverse plane-Any plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts, roughly perpendicular to the spine.

Saggital plane-A longitudinal plane that divides the body of a bilaterally symmetrical animal into right and left sections.

Dorsal body cavity-The dorsal body cavity is located along the dorsal surface of the human body, where it is subdivided into the cranial cavity housing the brain and the spinal cavity housing the spinal cord.

Ventral body cavity -The ventral cavity, or ventral body cavity is a fluid filled space surrounding the organs on the ventral side of humans.organs contained within this body cavity include the lungs, heart, stomach, intestines, and reproductive organs.

Cranial cavity -The cranial cavity is the anterior portion of the dorsal cavity consisting of the space inside the skull. This cavity contains the brain, the meninges of the brain, and cerebrospinal fluid.

Tissue-Tissue, in physiology, a level of organization in multicellular organisms; it consists of a group of structurally and functionally similar cells and their intercellular material.

Epithelial tissue -Epithelial tissue is composed of cells laid together in sheets with the cells tightly connected to one another. Epithelial layers are avascular, but innervated.

Connective tissue-Connective tissue is the tissue that connects, separates and supports all other types of tissues in the body. Like all tissue types, it consists of cells surrounded by a compartment of fluid called the extracellular matrix (ECM).

Muscle tissue -Muscle tissue is a specialized tissue found in animals which functions by contracting, thereby applying forces to different parts of the body. Together these sheets and fibers and known as muscles, and control the movements of an organisms as well as many other contractile functions.

Nerve tissue -Nervous tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It is responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities. ... The cells in nervous tissue that generate and conduct impulses are called neurons or nerve cells. These cells have three principal parts: the dendrites, the cell body, and one axon.