Question

8. What are the factors affect the population difference between the lower energy state N sub alpha and the upper energy state N sub beta? How is the population difference is related to NMR signal strength?

The question is from structural biology(NMR Spectroscopy).

Answer 1

The factors on which the population difference between the lower and higher N sub alpha and N sub beta particle depnds upon the formula given below;

• 

It depends upon the factors like:

• Temperature.
• angular moment.
• Zeeman effect- the splitting of the energy levels of the atom due to the effect of the magnetic field.
• charge on the electrons, proton and neutrons in the nucleus.
• external magnetic field.
• coupling constant.
• radiofrequency.
• the alpha and beta states of the nucleus
• the absorption and emission of energy by the nucleus.
• The lower state energy is alpha =-1/2 and higher state energy is beta= +1/2.
• angular momemtum,
• type of orbital which has electrons
• splitting of the energy levels.
• intensity of electric and magnetic field.

Bolzmann distribution is given below:

It is related to the NMR signal strength depending upon the number of atoms and the intensity of the magnetic field applied for deciphering the spectrum of the protons and electrons with their spinning states.