The assumption that a system will operate in a stable
environment without risk is not realistic (Sales et al., 2018).
Risk is widely classified into disruption and operational risks
(Kleindorfer & Saad, 2005; Tang, 2006). Extreme uncertainty and
the absence of synchronization between supply and demand are linked
to operational risks while circumstances such as labor strikes,
terrorist attacks, and natural calamities are related to disruption
risks (Lockamy & McCormack, 2010). The probability of human
injury or even death is...