Question

In: Statistics and Probability

Students in a high school were asked whether good grades, athletic ability, or popularity was most...

Students in a high school were asked whether good grades, athletic ability, or popularity was most important to them. A two-way table separating the students by gender and by choice of most important factor (factor) is shown below:

Boys

Girls

Grades

12

16

Popularity

16

32

Sports

30

14

100

For the data above, do the following

  1. Calculate the row and column totals
  2. Calculate gender by factor percentages
  3. Calculate factor by gender percentages
  4. What is the test to be done to determine whether is an association between gender and factor?
  5. What are the degrees of freedom for that test (show formula and calculation)
  6. Create a table of expected frequencies
  7. Create a table of c2 values (calculate c2for each cell)
  8. What is the total calculated c2?
  9. From the chi-square table (https://www.medcalc.org/manual/chi-square-table.php) find the critical value of chi-square for the degrees of freedom in part e. of this question and for an alpha value of .05.
  10. Compare the calculated and critical value of chi-square, what is your inference (state your null and alternate hypothesis and draw your inference.

Solutions

Expert Solution

a)

Boys Girls Total
Grades 12 16 28
Popularity 16 32 48
Sports 30 14 44
Total 58 62 120

b)

Gender by factor percentages
Boys Girls Total
Grades 42.85714% 57.14286% 100%
Popularity 33.33333% 66.66667% 100%
Sports 68.18182% 31.81818% 100%

c)

Factor by gender percentages
Boys Girls
Grades 20.68966% 25.80645%
Popularity 27.58621% 51.6129%
Sports 51.72414% 22.58065%
Total 100% 100%

d)

Chi square test of independence need to be done to test the association between gender and factor

e)

Where, r is the number of rows and c is the number of column in the table.

f)

The expected values are obtained using the formula,

Boys Girls Total
Grades 28
Popularity 48
Sports 44
Total 58 62 120

g)

The Chi-Square Value is obtained using the formula

Observed, Expected,
12 13.53333333 -1.533 2.351 0.174
16 23.2 -7.200 51.840 2.234
30 21.26666667 8.733 76.271 3.586
16 14.46666667 1.533 2.351 0.163
32 24.8 7.200 51.840 2.090
14 22.73333333 -8.733 76.271 3.355
11.603

h)

i)

From the chi square table,

For significance level = 0.05 and degree of freedom = 2, the critical value is,

j)

Since the chi square value is greater than the critical value, It can be concluded that the null hypothesis is rejected at 5% significance level.

Hence both the variables factor and gender are dependent.


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